English
Related papers

Related papers: Adapting Skill Ratings to Luck-Based Hidden-Inform…

200 papers

This paper introduces a score-driven rating system, a generalization of the classical Elo rating system that employs the score, i.e. the gradient of the log-likelihood, as the updating mechanism for player and team ratings. The proposed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Vladimír Holý , Michal Černý

We present a theoretical analysis of the Elo rating system, a popular method for ranking skills of players in an online setting. In particular, we study Elo under the Bradley--Terry--Luce model and, using techniques from Markov chain…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-06-11 Sam Olesker-Taylor , Luca Zanetti

Evaluation has traditionally focused on ranking candidates for a specific skill. Modern generalist models, such as Large Language Models (LLMs), decidedly outpace this paradigm. Open-ended evaluation systems, where candidate models are…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Siqi Liu , Ian Gemp , Luke Marris , Georgios Piliouras , Nicolas Heess , Marc Lanctot

The Elo rating system is a popular and widely adopted method for measuring the relative skill levels of players or teams in various sports and competitions. It assigns players numerical ratings and dynamically updates them based on game…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-01-28 Roberto Cortez , Hagop Tossounian

We introduce LLM CHESS, an evaluation framework designed to probe the generalization of reasoning and instruction-following abilities in large language models (LLMs) through extended agentic interaction in the domain of chess. We rank over…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Sai Kolasani , Maxim Saplin , Nicholas Crispino , Kyle Montgomery , Jared Quincy Davis , Matei Zaharia , Chi Wang , Chenguang Wang

The meteoric rise of online games has created a need for accurate skill rating systems for tracking improvement and fair matchmaking. Although many skill rating systems are deployed, with various theoretical foundations, less work has been…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Mikel Bober-Irizar , Naunidh Dua , Max McGuinness

The Elo rating system is a simple and widely used method for calculating players' skills from paired comparisons data. Many have extended it in various ways. Yet the question of updating players' variances remains to be further explored. In…

Applications · Statistics 2023-10-17 Hsuan-Fu Hua , Ching-Ju Chang , Tse-Ching Lin , Ruby Chiu-Hsing Weng

This paper presents an original model for assessing scientific productivity, research power ranking, RPR, which is based on the adaptation of the Elo rating system to the context of scientific activity. Unlike traditional scientometric…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-04-30 Eldar Knar

In competitive games, strength ratings like Elo are widely used to quantify player skill and support matchmaking by accounting for skill disparities better than simple win rate statistics. However, scalar ratings cannot handle complex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Chiu-Chou Lin , I-Chen Wu

Elo rating systems measure the approximate skill of each competitor in a game or sport. A competitor's rating increases when they win and decreases when they lose. Increasing one's rating can be difficult work; one must hone their skills…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-04-16 Rikhav Shah

Many environments assign several Elo ratings to the same agent: a chess player has classical, rapid, and blitz ratings; an online platform may rate by time control, mode, or format; an evaluator may rate performance across tasks or roles.…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-05-12 Mehmet Mars Seven

The Elo rating system has been recognised as an effective method for modelling students and items within adaptive educational systems. The existing Elo-based models have the limiting assumption that items are only tagged with a single…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Solmaz Abdi , Hassan Khosravi , Shazia Sadiq , Dragan Gasevic

As Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve breakthroughs in complex reasoning, Codeforces-based Elo ratings have emerged as a prominent metric for evaluating competitive programming capabilities. However, these ratings are often reported…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Shenyu Zheng , Ximing Dong , Xiaoshuang Liu , Gustavo Oliva , Chong Chun Yong , Dayi Lin , Boyuan Chen , Shaowei Wang , Ahmed E. Hassan

Rating strategies in a game is an important area of research in game theory and artificial intelligence, and can be applied to any real-world competitive or cooperative setting. Traditionally, only transitive dependencies between strategies…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-10-06 Luke Marris , Marc Lanctot , Ian Gemp , Shayegan Omidshafiei , Stephen McAleer , Jerome Connor , Karl Tuyls , Thore Graepel

In this work, we deal with the problem of rating in sports, where the skills of the players/teams are inferred from the observed outcomes of the games. Our focus is on the online rating algorithms which estimate the skills after each new…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-04-30 Leszek Szczecinski , Raphaëlle Tihon

This work reconciles two perspectives on the Elo ranking that coexist in the literature: the practitioner's view as a heuristic feedback rule, and the statistician's view as online maximum likelihood estimation via stochastic gradient…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-07 Leszek Szczecinski

Competition is a primary driver of player satisfaction and engagement in multiplayer online games. Traditional matchmaking systems aim at creating matches involving teams of similar aggregated individual skill levels, such as Elo score or…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-06-25 Sofia M Nikolakaki , Ogheneovo Dibie , Ahmad Beirami , Nicholas Peterson , Navid Aghdaie , Kazi Zaman

Reinforcement Learning (RL) heavily relies on the careful design of the reward function. However, accurately assigning rewards to each state-action pair in Long-Term Reinforcement Learning (LTRL) tasks remains a significant challenge. As a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Qi Ju , Falin Hei , Zhemei Fang , Yunfeng Luo

Assessing and comparing player skill in online multiplayer gaming environments is essential for fair matchmaking and player engagement. Traditional ranking models like Elo and Glicko-2, designed for two-player games, are insufficient for…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Vivek Joshy

The paper aims to investigate the degree of cognitive skills required for success in online versions of the popular card game rummy and poker. The study focuses on analyzing the impact of experience and learnable skills on success in the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Taranjit Kaur , Manas Pati Tripathi , Ashirbad Samantaray , Tapan K. Gandhi