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We show how the 3DVAR data assimilation methodology can be used in the astrophysical context of a two-dimensional convection flow. We study the way this variational approach finds best estimates of the current state of the flow from a…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2013-08-09 Andreas Svedin , Milena C. Cuellar , Axel Brandenburg

4D radar is recognized for its resilience and cost-effectiveness under adverse weather conditions, thus playing a pivotal role in autonomous driving. While cameras and LiDAR are typically the primary sensors used in perception modules for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Qiao Yan , Yihan Wang

Radar is an inevitable part of the perception sensor set for autonomous driving functions. It plays a gap-filling role to complement the shortcomings of other sensors in diverse scenarios and weather conditions. In this paper, we propose a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Ravi Kothari , Ali Kariminezhad , Christian Mayr , Haoming Zhang

In the context of filtering chaotic dynamical systems it is well-known that partial observations, if sufficiently informative, can be used to control the inherent uncertainty due to chaos. The purpose of this paper is to investigate, both…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2016-08-30 K. J. H. Law , D. Sanz-Alonso , A. Shukla , A. M. Stuart

Modern deep learning techniques, which mimic traditional numerical weather prediction (NWP) models and are derived from global atmospheric reanalysis data, have caused a significant revolution within a few years. In this new paradigm, our…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Minjong Cheon , Daehyun Kang , Yo-Hwan Choi , Seon-Yu Kang

Data assimilation (DA), as an indispensable component within contemporary Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) systems, plays a crucial role in generating the analysis that significantly impacts forecast performance. Nevertheless, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Xiaoze Xu , Xiuyu Sun , Wei Han , Xiaohui Zhong , Lei Chen , Hao Li

We present a significantly-improved data-driven global weather forecasting framework using a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) to forecast several basic atmospheric variables on a global grid. New developments in this framework…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2020-10-14 Jonathan A. Weyn , Dale R. Durran , Rich Caruana

Robust 3D object detection in adverse weather is highly challenging due to the varying reliability of different sensors. While existing LiDAR-4D radar fusion methods improve robustness, they predominantly rely on fixed or weakly adaptive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Hongsheng Li , Lingfeng Zhang , Zexian Yang , Liang Li , Rong Yin , Xiaoshuai Hao , Wenbo Ding

Numerical weather prediction (NWP) and machine learning (ML) methods are popular for solar forecasting. However, NWP models have multiple possible physical parameterizations, which requires site-specific NWP optimization. This is further…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-10 Nigel Yuan Yun Ng , Harish Gopalan , Venugopalan S. G. Raghavan , Chin Chun Ooi

In recent years, Artificial Intelligence Weather Prediction (AIWP) models have achieved performance comparable to, or even surpassing, traditional Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models by leveraging reanalysis data. However, a…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-12-25 Pengcheng Zhao , Jiang Bian , Zekun Ni , Weixin Jin , Jonathan Weyn , Zuliang Fang , Siqi Xiang , Haiyu Dong , Bin Zhang , Hongyu Sun , Kit Thambiratnam , Qi Zhang

Weather radar data are critical for nowcasting and an integral component of numerical weather prediction models. While weather radar data provide valuable information at high resolution, their ground-based nature limits their availability,…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-03-07 Çağlar Küçük , Apostolos Giannakos , Stefan Schneider , Alexander Jann

Despite significant advancements in environment perception capabilities for autonomous driving and intelligent robotics, cameras and LiDARs remain notoriously unreliable in low-light conditions and adverse weather, which limits their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Lei Cheng , Siyang Cao

Data assimilation involves estimating the state of a system by combining observations from various sources with a background estimate of the state. The weights given to the observations and background state depend on their specified error…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-03-13 Olivier Goux , Anthony Weaver , Selime Gürol , Oliver Guillet , Andrea Piacentini

Weather prediction is a critical task for human society, where impressive progress has been made by training artificial intelligence weather prediction (AIWP) methods with reanalysis data. However, reliance on reanalysis data limits the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Junchao Gong , Jingyi Xu , Ben Fei , Fenghua Ling , Wenlong Zhang , Kun Chen , Wanghan Xu , Weidong Yang , Xiaokang Yang , Lei Bai

Accurate rainfall forecasting is critical because it has a great impact on people's social and economic activities. Recent trends on various literatures show that Deep Learning (Neural Network) is a promising methodology to tackle many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-08 Seongchan Kim , Seungkyun Hong , Minsu Joh , Sa-kwang Song

The rapid rise of deep learning (DL) in numerical weather prediction (NWP) has led to a proliferation of models which forecast atmospheric variables with comparable or superior skill than traditional physics-based NWP. However, among these…

Precipitation prediction has undergone a profound transformation. A notable limitation of traditional NWP is the need for extensive statistical post-processing. To address this challenge, neural network-based approaches were developed.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Yugong Zeng , Jiayuan Wang , Jonathan Wu

Weather sensing and forecasting has become increasingly accurate in the last decade thanks to high-resolution radars, efficient computational algorithms, and high-performance computing facilities. Through a distributed and federated network…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Robert Thompson , Eric Lyons , Ishita Dasgupta , Spyridon Mastorakis , Michael Zink , Susmit Shannigrahi

Deep learning-based LiDAR odometry is crucial for autonomous driving and robotic navigation, yet its performance under adverse weather, especially snowfall, remains challenging. Existing models struggle to generalize across conditions due…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Beibei Zhou , Zhiyuan Zhang , Zhenbo Song , Jianhui Guo , Hui Kong

Accurate surface solar irradiance (SSI) forecasting is essential for optimizing renewable energy systems, particularly in the context of long-term energy planning on a global scale. This paper presents a pioneering approach to solar…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-11-14 Alberto Carpentieri , Jussi Leinonen , Jeff Adie , Boris Bonev , Doris Folini , Farah Hariri