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This paper investigates the evaluation of learned multiagent strategies in the incomplete information setting, which plays a critical role in ranking and training of agents. Traditionally, researchers have relied on Elo ratings for this…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-01-13 Mark Rowland , Shayegan Omidshafiei , Karl Tuyls , Julien Perolat , Michal Valko , Georgios Piliouras , Remi Munos

As intelligent agents become more generally-capable, i.e. able to master a wide variety of tasks, the complexity and cost of properly evaluating them rises significantly. Tasks that assess specific capabilities of the agents can be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Marc Lanctot , Kate Larson , Ian Gemp , Michael Kaisers

Many environments assign several Elo ratings to the same agent: a chess player has classical, rapid, and blitz ratings; an online platform may rate by time control, mode, or format; an evaluator may rate performance across tasks or roles.…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-05-12 Mehmet Mars Seven

This paper proposes the first-ever algorithmic framework for tuning hyper-parameters of stochastic optimization algorithm based on reinforcement learning. Hyper-parameters impose significant influences on the performance of stochastic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-11 Haotian Zhang , Jianyong Sun , Zongben Xu

This paper proposes a general switching dynamical system model, and a custom majorization-minimization-based algorithm EM++ for identifying its parameters. For certain families of distributions, such as Gaussian distributions, this…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-30 Renzi Wang , Alexander Bodard , Mathijs Schuurmans , Panagiotis Patrinos

Deciding which large language model (LLM) to use is a complex challenge. Pairwise ranking has emerged as a new method for evaluating human preferences for LLMs. This approach entails humans evaluating pairs of model outputs based on a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Roland Daynauth , Christopher Clarke , Krisztian Flautner , Lingjia Tang , Jason Mars

This paper studies how the Elo rating system behaves when the underlying modelling assumptions are not met.

Probability · Mathematics 2024-12-20 Adam H. Hamilton , Matthew Roughan , Anna Kalenkova

In this work, we explore the Large Language Model (LLM) agent reviewer dynamics in an Elo-ranked review system using real-world conference paper submissions. Multiple LLM agent reviewers with different personas are engage in multi round…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Hsiang-Wei Huang , Junbin Lu , Kuang-Ming Chen , Jenq-Neng Hwang

Penalized (or regularized) regression, as represented by Lasso and its variants, has become a standard technique for analyzing high-dimensional data when the number of variables substantially exceeds the sample size. The performance of…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-08-13 Yunan Wu , Lan Wang

Recent years, transfer learning has attracted much attention in the community of machine learning. In this paper, we mainly focus on the tasks of parameter transfer under the framework of extreme learning machine (ELM). Unlike the existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-24 Chao Chen , Boyuan Jiang , Xinyu Jin

Arena-based evaluation is a fundamental yet significant evaluation paradigm for modern AI models, especially large language models (LLMs). Existing framework based on ELO rating system suffers from the inevitable instability problem due to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Zirui Liu , Jiatong Li , Yan Zhuang , Qi Liu , Shuanghong Shen , Jie Ouyang , Mingyue Cheng , Shijin Wang

Nearly all simulation-based games have environment parameters that affect incentives in the interaction but are not explicitly incorporated into the game model. To understand the impact of these parameters on strategic incentives, typical…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Madelyn Gatchel , Bryce Wiedenbeck

Model selection based on classical information criteria, such as BIC, is generally computationally demanding, but its properties are well studied. On the other hand, model selection based on parameter shrinkage by $\ell_1$-type penalties is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2013-07-10 Kun Zhang , Heng Peng , Laiwan Chan , Aapo Hyvarinen

Stochastic processes offer a flexible mathematical formalism to model and reason about systems. Most analysis tools, however, start from the premises that models are fully specified, so that any parameters controlling the system's dynamics…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-01-11 Luca Bortolussi , Guido Sanguinetti

Recent research increasingly integrates machine learning (ML) into predictive maintenance (PdM) to reduce operational and maintenance costs in data-rich operational settings. However, uncertainty due to model misspecification continues to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Zhuojun Xie , Adam Abdin , Yiping Fang

In arena-style evaluation of large language models (LLMs), two LLMs respond to a user query, and the user chooses the winning response or deems the "battle" a draw, resulting in an adjustment to the ratings of both models. The prevailing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Raphael Tang , Crystina Zhang , Wenyan Li , Carmen Lai , Pontus Stenetorp , Yao Lu

Competitor rating systems for head-to-head games are typically used to measure playing strength from game outcomes. Ratings computed from these systems are often used to select top competitors for elite events, for pairing players of…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-14 Mark E. Glickman

The Evidence Lower Bound (ELBO) is a quantity that plays a key role in variational inference. It can also be used as a criterion in model selection. However, though extremely popular in practice in the variational Bayes community, there has…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-04-09 Badr-Eddine Chérief-Abdellatif

The problem of parameterization is often central to the effective deployment of nature-inspired algorithms. However, finding the optimal set of parameter values for a combination of problem instance and solution method is highly…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2014-06-26 Matthew Crossley , Andy Nisbet , Martyn Amos

I consider a family of games with corresponding payoff matrices, parametrized by the parameter The informal question of interest is: what game is the best? Instead of attempting to suggest a more or less arbitrary definition of the best…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2024-09-20 Georgiy Karev