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The ongoing evolution of language models has led to the development of large-scale architectures that demonstrate exceptional performance across a wide range of tasks. However, these models come with significant computational and energy…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Xialie Zhuang , Peixian Ma , Zhikai Jia , Zane Cao , Shiwei Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong reasoning capabilities in solving complex problems. However, current approaches primarily enhance reasoning through the elaboration of thoughts while neglecting the diversity of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Danqing Wang , Jianxin Ma , Fei Fang , Lei Li

Large language models (LLMs) achieve remarkable advancements by leveraging tools to interact with environments, a critical step toward generalized AI. However, the standard supervised fine-tuning (SFT) approach, which relies on large-scale…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Junjie Ye , Yilong Wu , Sixian Li , Yuming Yang , Zhiheng Xi , Tao Gui , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang , Peng Wang , Zhongchao Shi , Jianping Fan , Zhengyin Du

Large Language Models (LLMs) encapsulate an extensive amount of world knowledge, and this has enabled their application in various domains to improve the performance of a variety of Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. This has also…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Sina Gholamian , Domingo Huh

Many applications of large language models (LLMs) require deductive reasoning, yet models frequently produce incorrect or redundant inference steps. We frame natural language inference as a search problem where the final answer is the valid…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Andreas Opedal , Francesco Ignazio Re , Abulhair Saparov , Mrinmaya Sachan , Bernhard Schölkopf , Ryan Cotterell

As Large Language Models (LLMs) gain traction across critical domains, ensuring secure and trustworthy training processes has become a major concern. Backdoor attacks, where malicious actors inject hidden triggers into training data, are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Issam Seddik , Sami Souihi , Mohamed Tamaazousti , Sara Tucci Piergiovanni

Evaluating Large Language Model (LLM) applications differs from traditional software testing because outputs are stochastic, high-dimensional, and sensitive to prompt and model changes. We present an evaluation-driven workflow - Define,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Daniel Commey

Enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) typically relies on massive computational resources and extensive datasets, limiting accessibility for resource-constrained settings. Our study investigates the potential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Quy-Anh Dang , Chris Ngo

In sequential decision-making (SDM) tasks, methods like reinforcement learning (RL) and heuristic search have made notable advances in specific cases. However, they often require extensive exploration and face challenges in generalizing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Xue Yan , Yan Song , Xidong Feng , Mengyue Yang , Haifeng Zhang , Haitham Bou Ammar , Jun Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable emergent abilities across various tasks, yet fall short of complex reasoning and planning tasks. The tree-search-based reasoning methods address this by surpassing the capabilities of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Zhenglin Wang , Jialong Wu , Yilong Lai , Congzhi Zhang , Deyu Zhou

Existing large language models (LLMs) for machine translation are typically fine-tuned on sentence-level translation instructions and achieve satisfactory performance at the sentence level. However, when applied to document-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Yachao Li , Junhui Li , Jing Jiang , Min Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed natural language processing, but face significant challenges in widespread deployment due to their high runtime cost. In this paper, we introduce SeedLM, a novel post-training compression method…

Large language models (LLMs) can perform reasoning computations both internally within their latent space and externally by generating explicit token sequences like chains of thought. Significant progress in enhancing reasoning abilities…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Thilo Hagendorff , Sarah Fabi

Test-time Scaling (TTS) has been demonstrated to significantly enhance the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) during the inference phase without altering model parameters. However, existing TTS methods are largely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Guibin Zhang , Fanci Meng , Guancheng Wan , Zherui Li , Kun Wang , Zhenfei Yin , Lei Bai , Shuicheng Yan

Large language models (LLMs) are revolutionizing education, with LLM-based agents playing a key role in simulating student behavior. A major challenge in student simulation is modeling the diverse learning patterns of students at various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Tao Wu , Jingyuan Chen , Wang Lin , Mengze Li , Yumeng Zhu , Ang Li , Kun Kuang , Fei Wu

We introduce Learning to Self-Evolve (LSE), a reinforcement learning framework that trains large language models (LLMs) to improve their own contexts at test time. We situate LSE in the setting of test-time self-evolution, where a model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Xiaoyin Chen , Canwen Xu , Yite Wang , Boyi Liu , Zhewei Yao , Yuxiong He

Self-reflection on learning experiences constitutes a fundamental cognitive process, essential for the consolidation of knowledge and the enhancement of learning efficacy. However, traditional methods to facilitate reflection often face…

Large Language Models (LLMs) now exhibit remarkable reasoning capabilities through test-time compute scaling (TTS), with impressive performance across math and coding benchmarks. In parallel, research in model compression has developed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Ocean Monjur , Shahriar Kabir Nahin , Anshuman Chhabra

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated their remarkable performance across various language understanding tasks. While emerging benchmarks have been proposed to evaluate LLMs in various domains such as mathematics and computer…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Junnan Dong , Zijin Hong , Yuanchen Bei , Feiran Huang , Xinrun Wang , Xiao Huang

Although several methods were proposed to address the problem of automated essay scoring (AES) in the last 50 years, there is still much to desire in terms of effectiveness. Large Language Models (LLMs) are transformer-based models that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Watheq Mansour , Salam Albatarni , Sohaila Eltanbouly , Tamer Elsayed
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