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We present a sensor-agnostic spectral transformer as the basis for spectral foundation models. To that end, we introduce a Universal Spectral Representation (USR) that leverages sensor meta-data, such as sensing kernel specifications and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Ethan King , Jaime Rodriguez , Diego Llanes , Timothy Doster , Tegan Emerson , James Koch

Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) retrieval is essential for Earth observation, supporting applications from air quality monitoring to climate studies. Conventional physics-based AOD retrieval methods formulate the problem as a pixel-wise…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Zahid Hassan Tushar , Sanjay Purushotham

In the realm of geospatial analysis, the diversity of remote sensors, encompassing both optical and microwave technologies, offers a wealth of distinct observational capabilities. Recognizing this, we present msGFM, a multisensor geospatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Boran Han , Shuai Zhang , Xingjian Shi , Markus Reichstein

This work presents an analytical framework for modeling a detected orbital angular momentum (OAM) spectrum of an optical beam subject to tilt and lateral displacement. Firstly, we demonstrate that both types of misalignment generate OAM…

Optics · Physics 2025-04-15 Arttu Nieminen , Rizwana Ahmad , Harald Haas , Humeyra Caglayan

Optical-SAR image matching is a fundamental task for image fusion and visual navigation. However, all large-scale open SAR dataset for methods development are collected from single platform, resulting in limited satellite types and spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Yibin Ye , Xichao Teng , Shuo Chen , Yijie Bian , Tao Tan , Zhang Li

Optical fiber sensing plays a crucial role in modern measurement systems and holds significant promise for a wide range of applications. This potential, though, has been fundamentally constrained by the intrinsic latency and power…

Optics · Physics 2025-07-22 Yu Tao , Yangyang Wan , Ziwen Long , Wenjia Zhang , Jiangbing Du , Zuyuan He

Intelligent spectrum management is crucial for improving spectrum efficiency and achieving secure utilization of spectrum resources. However, existing intelligent spectrum management methods, typically based on small-scale models, suffer…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-16 Fuhui Zhou , Chunyu Liu , Hao Zhang , Wei Wu , Qihui Wu , Tony Q. S. Quek , Chan-Byoung Chae

The Segment Anything Model (SAM) has achieved remarkable successes in the realm of natural image segmentation, but its deployment in the medical imaging sphere has encountered challenges. Specifically, the model struggles with medical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Shreyank N Gowda , David A. Clifton

We aim to develop a robust yet flexible visual foundation model for Earth observation. It should possess strong capabilities in recognizing and localizing diverse visual targets while providing compatibility with various input-output…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Liang Yao , Fan Liu , Delong Chen , Chuanyi Zhang , Yijun Wang , Ziyun Chen , Wei Xu , Shimin Di , Yuhui Zheng

6G system is evolving toward full-spectrum coverage,ultra-wide bandwidth, and high mobility, resulting in increasingly complex propagation environments. The deep integration of communication and sensing is widely recognized as a core 6G…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Xuejian Zhang , Ruisi He , Mi Yang , Zhengyu Zhang , Ziyi Qi

Recently, the first foundation model developed specifically for image segmentation tasks was developed, termed the "Segment Anything Model" (SAM). SAM can segment objects in input imagery based on cheap input prompts, such as one (or more)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Simiao Ren , Francesco Luzi , Saad Lahrichi , Kaleb Kassaw , Leslie M. Collins , Kyle Bradbury , Jordan M. Malof

The advent of foundation models signals a new era in artificial intelligence. The Segment Anything Model (SAM) is the first foundation model for image segmentation. In this study, we evaluate SAM's ability to segment features from eye…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Virmarie Maquiling , Sean Anthony Byrne , Diederick C. Niehorster , Marcus Nyström , Enkelejda Kasneci

The limits for adaptive-optics (AO) imaging at high contrast and high resolution are determined by residual phase errors from non-common-path aberrations not sensed by the wavefront sensor, especially for integral field spectrographs, where…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-22 Benjamin Pope , Niranjan Thatte , Rick Burruss , Matthias Tecza , Fraser Clarke , Garret Cotter

Few-Shot Remote Sensing Scene Classification (FS-RSSC) presents the challenge of classifying remote sensing images with limited labeled samples. Existing methods typically emphasize single-modal feature learning, neglecting the potential…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Zhong Ji , Ci Liu , Jingren Liu , Chen Tang , Yanwei Pang , Xuelong Li

The rapid advancement of foundation models has revolutionized visual representation learning in a self-supervised manner. However, their application in remote sensing (RS) remains constrained by a fundamental gap: existing models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Hanbo Bi , Yingchao Feng , Boyuan Tong , Mengyu Wang , Haichen Yu , Yongqiang Mao , Hao Chang , Wenhui Diao , Peijin Wang , Yue Yu , Hanyang Peng , Yehong Zhang , Kun Fu , Xian Sun

To date, orbital angular momentum (OAM) and optical frequency combs (OFCs) are two distinct fields of research without any association. Herein, we generated OFCs with an OAM on each comb line by applying electro-optic phase modulation to…

Optics · Physics 2024-01-04 Jinze He , Xingyu Jia , Bingyan Wei , Guanhao Wu , Yang Li

This work investigates spatial-mode multiplexing (SMM) for practical free-space optical communication (FSO) systems using direct detection. Unlike several works in the literature where mutually incoherent channels are assumed, we consider…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-01-22 Shenjie Huang , Gilda Raoof Mehrpoor , Majid Safari

This research proposes a novel approach utilizing Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) beams to enhance Radar Cross Section (RCS) diversity for target detection in future transportation systems. Unlike conventional OAM beams with hollow-shaped…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-30 Yufei Zhao , Yong Liang Guan , Dong Chen , Afkar Mohamed Ismail , Xiaoyan Ma , Xiaobei Liu , Chau Yuen

The Segment Anything Model (SAM), developed by Meta AI Research, represents a significant breakthrough in computer vision, offering a robust framework for image and video segmentation. This survey provides a comprehensive exploration of the…

Foundation models have the potential to transform the landscape of remote sensing (RS) data analysis by enabling large computer vision models to be pre-trained on vast amounts of remote sensing data. These models can then be fine-tuned with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Caleb S. Spradlin , Jordan A. Caraballo-Vega , Jian Li , Mark L. Carroll , Jie Gong , Paul M. Montesano
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