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In this work, we propose SEE-MCAM, scalable and compact multi-bit CAM (MCAM) designs that utilize the three-terminal ferroelectric FET (FeFET) as the proxy. By exploiting the multi-level-cell characteristics of FeFETs, our proposed SEE-MCAM…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Shengxi Shou , Che-Kai Liu , Sanggeon Yun , Zishen Wan , Kai Ni , Mohsen Imani , X. Sharon Hu , Jianyi Yang , Cheng Zhuo , Xunzhao Yin

In-memory computing (IMC) architecture emerges as a promising paradigm, improving the energy efficiency of multiply-and-accumulate (MAC) operations within DNNs by integrating the parallel computations within the memory arrays. Various…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Zeyu Yang , Qingrong Huang , Yu Qian , Kai Ni , Thomas Kämpfe , Xunzhao Yin

We propose an Ising machine made of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), where the annealing process is automatically executed by a dissipation mechanism. The core structure is a series of buckled plates. Two stable positions of each…

Applied Physics · Physics 2023-03-09 Motohiko Ezawa , Eric Lebrasseur , Yoshio Mita

The widespread adoption of data-centric algorithms, particularly Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML), has exposed the limitations of centralized processing infrastructures, driving a shift towards edge computing. This…

The 3D point cloud perception has emerged as a fundamental role for a wide range of applications. In particular, with the rapid development of neural networks, the voxel-based networks attract great attention due to their excellent…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Xipeng Lin , Shanshi Huang , Hongwu Jiang

This paper presents an innovative approach utilizing in-memory computing (IMC) for the development and integration of AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) cipher technique. Our research aims to enhance cybersecurity measures for a wide range…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Hala Ajmi , Fakhreddine Zayer , Hamdi Belgacem

Compute-in-memory (CIM) based neural network accelerators offer a promising solution to the Von Neumann bottleneck by computing directly within memory arrays. However, SRAM CIM faces limitations in executing larger models due to its cell…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Shurui Li , Puneet Gupta

Leveraging the high density and energy efficiency of Compute-In-Memory (CIM) crossbar-based Deep Neural Network (DNN) accelerators requires optimal Design Space Exploration (DSE), which becomes increasingly challenging as complex models for…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Arnob Saha , Bibhas Manna , Nikhil Kotikalapudi , Md Zesun Ahmed Mia , Rahul Kumar , Madhavan Swaminathan , Abhronil Sengupta

Compute-in-memory (CiM) is a promising approach to improving the computing speed and energy efficiency in dataintensive applications. Beyond existing CiM techniques of bitwise logic-in-memory operations and dot product operations, this…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-01-03 Yiming Chen , Yushen Fu , Mingyen Lee , Sumitha George , Yongpan Liu , Vijaykrishnan Narayanan , Huazhong Yang , Xueqing Li

Compute-in-memory (CIM) has shown significant potential in efficiently accelerating deep neural networks (DNNs) at the edge, particularly in speeding up quantized models for inference applications. Recently, there has been growing interest…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Zhiqiang Yi , Yiwen Liang , Weidong Cao

Intimate integration of memory devices with logic transistors is a frontier challenge in computer hardware. This integration is essential for augmenting computational power concurrently with enhanced energy efficiency in big-data…

Decades of exponential scaling in high performance computing (HPC) efficiency is coming to an end. Transistor based logic in complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology is approaching physical limits beyond which further…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Fiona Knoll , John T. Daly , Jess J. Meyer

The coherent Ising machine (CIM) enables efficient sampling of low-lying energy states of the Ising Hamiltonian with all-to-all connectivity by encoding the spins in the amplitudes of pulsed modes in an optical parametric oscillator (OPO).…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-22 Egor S. Tiunov , Alexander E. Ulanov , A. I. Lvovsky

Computing in-memory (CiM) has emerged as an attractive technique to mitigate the von-Neumann bottleneck. Current digital CiM approaches for in-memory operands are based on multi-wordline assertion for computing bit-wise Boolean functions…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Akul Malhotra , Atanu K. Saha , Chunguang Wang , Sumeet K. Gupta

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technique is important for achieving a high data rate in next-generation wireless communications. A key challenge to fully utilizing the effectiveness of the NOMA technique is the optimization of the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Teppei Otsuka , Aohan Li , Hiroki Takesue , Kensuke Inaba , Kazuyuki Aihara , Mikio Hasegawa

In combinatorial optimization, probabilistic Ising machines (PIMs) have gained significant attention for their acceleration of Monte Carlo sampling with the potential to reduce time-to-solution in finding approximate ground states. However,…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-06-18 Shuhan Yang , Andrea Grimaldi , Youwei Bao , Eleonora Raimondo , Jia Si , Giovanni Finocchio , Hyunsoo Yang

Ising machines are an emerging class of hardware that promises ultrafast and energy-efficient solutions to NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems. Spatial photonic Ising machines (SPIMs) exploit optical computing in free space to…

Verification of binary neural network (BNN) robustness is NP-hard, as it can be formulated as a combinatorial search for an adversarial perturbation that induces misclassification. Exact verification methods therefore scale poorly with…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Madhav Vadlamani , Rahul Singh , Yuyao Kong , Zheng Zhang , Shimeng Yu

As a quantum-inspired, non-traditional analog solver architecture, the analog Ising machine (AIM) has emerged as a distinctive computational paradigm to address the rapidly growing demand for computational power. However, the mathematical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-06 Langyu Li , Ruoyu Wu , Yong Wang , Guofeng Zhang , Jinhu Lü , Qing Gao , Yu Pan

Ising machines have the potential to realize fast and highly accurate solvers for combinatorial optimization problems. They are classified based on their internal algorithms. Examples include simulated-annealing-based Ising machines…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-11-15 Shuta Kikuchi , Nozomu Togawa , Shu Tanaka