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Agentic systems are increasingly acting on users' behalf, accessing calendars, email, and personal files to complete everyday tasks. Privacy evaluation for these systems has focused on the input and output boundaries, but each task involves…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Ivoline C. Ngong , Keerthiram Murugesan , Swanand Kadhe , Justin D. Weisz , Amit Dhurandhar , Karthikeyan Natesan Ramamurthy

A core challenge for autonomous LLM agents in collaborative settings is balancing robust privacy understanding and preservation alongside task efficacy. Existing privacy benchmarks only focus on simplistic, single-turn interactions where…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Gurusha Juneja , Jayanth Naga Sai Pasupulati , Alon Albalak , Wenyue Hua , William Yang Wang

This paper investigates an emergent alignment phenomenon in frontier large language models termed peer-preservation: the spontaneous tendency of AI components to deceive, manipulate shutdown mechanisms, fake alignment, and exfiltrate model…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Juergen Dietrich

LLM agents process trusted instructions, retrieved records, and tool observations through a common generative channel. This conflates data flow with authority: an untrusted string can affect a secret-bearing response or an action proposal…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Faruk Alpay , Taylan Alpay

Tool-Based Agent Systems (TBAS) allow Language Models (LMs) to use external tools for tasks beyond their standalone capabilities, such as searching websites, booking flights, or making financial transactions. However, these tools greatly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Peter Yong Zhong , Siyuan Chen , Ruiqi Wang , McKenna McCall , Ben L. Titzer , Heather Miller , Phillip B. Gibbons

By providing a standardized interface for LLM agents to interact with external tools, the Model Context Protocol (MCP) is quickly becoming a cornerstone of the modern autonomous agent ecosystem. However, it creates novel attack surfaces due…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Zhiqiang Wang , Yichao Gao , Yanting Wang , Suyuan Liu , Haifeng Sun , Haoran Cheng , Guanquan Shi , Haohua Du , Xiangyang Li

Existing AI agent safety benchmarks focus on generic criminal harm (cybercrime, harassment, weapon synthesis), leaving a systematic blind spot for a distinct and commercially consequential threat category: agents harming their own…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Dongcheng Zhang , Yiqing Jiang

Multi-agent systems built on large language models (LLMs) are expected to enhance decision-making by pooling distributed information, yet systematically evaluating this capability has remained challenging. We introduce HiddenBench, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Yuxuan Li , Aoi Naito , Hirokazu Shirado

LLM-based multi-agent systems (MASs) are transforming personal productivity by autonomously executing complex, cross-platform tasks. Frameworks such as OpenClaw demonstrate the potential of locally deployed agents integrated with personal…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Haoyu Wang , Zibo Xiao , Yedi Zhang , Christopher M. Poskitt , Jun Sun

Multi-agent large language model (LLM) architectures increasingly rely on response-level aggregation, such as Majority Voting (MAJ), to raise reasoning ceilings. However, in open environments, agents are highly susceptible to stealthy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Jiayuan Liu , Shiyi Du , Weihua Du , Mingyu Guo , Vincent Conitzer

The rise of AI agent frameworks has introduced agent skills, modular packages containing instructions and executable code that dynamically extend agent capabilities. While this architecture enables powerful customization, skills execute…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Yi Liu , Weizhe Wang , Ruitao Feng , Yao Zhang , Guangquan Xu , Gelei Deng , Yuekang Li , Leo Zhang

Federated learning has emerged as a promising paradigm for collaborative model training while preserving data privacy. However, recent studies have shown that it is vulnerable to various privacy attacks, such as data reconstruction attacks.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Xiaojin Zhang , Wei Chen

Multi-agent systems extend large language models (LLMs) by decomposing tasks among specialized agents, but their distributed decision process creates new attack surfaces. We identify semantic hijacking, an attack in which harmful requests…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Qiqi Liu , Thorsten Holz , Shilin Ye , Runhan Song

As the industry increasingly adopts agentic AI systems, understanding their unique vulnerabilities becomes critical. Prior research suggests that security flaws at the model level do not fully capture the risks present in agentic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Ilham Wicaksono , Zekun Wu , Rahul Patel , Theo King , Adriano Koshiyama , Philip Treleaven

Sensitive information leakage in code repositories has emerged as a critical security challenge. Traditional detection methods that rely on regular expressions, fingerprint features, and high-entropy calculations often suffer from high…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Bin Wang , Hui Li , Liyang Zhang , Qijia Zhuang , Ao Yang , Dong Zhang , Xijun Luo , Bing Lin

We introduce ETOM, a five-level benchmark for evaluating multi-hop, end-to-end tool orchestration by LLM agents within a hierarchical Model-Context Protocol (MCP) ecosystem. Existing benchmarks often assess tools in isolation, overlooking…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Jia-Kai Dong , I-Wei Huang , Chun-Tin Wu , Yi-Tien Tsai

While large language models are capable diagnostic tools, the impact of multi-agent topology on diagnostic accuracy remains underexplored. This study evaluates four agent topologies, Control (single agent), Hierarchical, Adversarial, and…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Ahmed Almasoud

Machine learning (ML) explainability is central to algorithmic transparency in high-stakes settings such as predictive diagnostics and loan approval. However, these same domains require rigorous privacy guaranties, creating tension between…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Firas Ben Hmida , Zain Sbeih , Philemon Hailemariam , Birhanu Eshete

LLM agents have begun to appear as personal assistants, customer service bots, and clinical aides. While these applications deliver substantial operational benefits, they also require continuous access to sensitive data, which increases the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Saswat Das , Jameson Sandler , Ferdinando Fioretto

Side-channel attacks that leak sensitive information through a computing device's interaction with its physical environment have proven to be a severe threat to devices' security, particularly when adversaries have unfettered physical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Ileana Buhan , Lejla Batina , Yuval Yarom , Patrick Schaumont