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The increased adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) presents an opportunity to solve many socio-economic and environmental challenges; however, this cannot happen without securing AI-enabled technologies. In recent years, most AI models…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-10 Ayodeji Oseni , Nour Moustafa , Helge Janicke , Peng Liu , Zahir Tari , Athanasios Vasilakos

Text-based image captioning (TextCap) which aims to read and reason images with texts is crucial for a machine to understand a detailed and complex scene environment, considering that texts are omnipresent in daily life. This task, however,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-10 Guanghui Xu , Shuaicheng Niu , Mingkui Tan , Yucheng Luo , Qing Du , Qi Wu

Password security has been compelled to evolve in response to the growing computational capabilities of modern systems. However, this evolution has often resulted in increasingly complex security practices that alienate users, leading to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Tonmoy Ghosh

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning have changed the nature of scientific inquiry in recent years. Of these, the development of virtual assistants has accelerated greatly in the past few years, with ChatGPT becoming a…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Sukhpal Singh Gill , Rupinder Kaur

Standard Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) can be easily fooled by images with small quasi-imperceptible artificial perturbations. As alternatives to CNNs, the recently proposed Capsule Networks (CapsNets) are shown to be more robust to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-02-22 Jindong Gu , Baoyuan Wu , Volker Tresp

Tracking Any Point (TAP) in a video is a challenging computer vision problem with many demonstrated applications in robotics, video editing, and 3D reconstruction. Existing methods for TAP rely heavily on complex tracking-specific inductive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Artem Zholus , Carl Doersch , Yi Yang , Skanda Koppula , Viorica Patraucean , Xu Owen He , Ignacio Rocco , Mehdi S. M. Sajjadi , Sarath Chandar , Ross Goroshin

Chatbots are intelligent conversational computer systems designed to mimic human conversation to enable automated online guidance and support. The increased benefits of chatbots led to their wide adoption by many industries in order to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Guendalina Caldarini , Sardar Jaf , Kenneth McGarry

Dense captioning is a newly emerging computer vision topic for understanding images with dense language descriptions. The goal is to densely detect visual concepts (e.g., objects, object parts, and interactions between them) from images,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-08-09 Linjie Yang , Kevin Tang , Jianchao Yang , Li-Jia Li

End-to-end encryption (E2EE) by messaging platforms enable people to securely and privately communicate with one another. Its widespread adoption however raised concerns that illegal content might now be shared undetected. Following the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-03 Shubham Jain , Ana-Maria Cretu , Yves-Alexandre de Montjoye

The Controllable Image Captioning Agent (CapAgent) is an innovative system designed to bridge the gap between user simplicity and professional-level outputs in image captioning tasks. CapAgent automatically transforms user-provided simple…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Xinran Wang , Muxi Diao , Baoteng Li , Haiwen Zhang , Kongming Liang , Zhanyu Ma

Software bots operating in multiple virtual digital platforms must understand the platforms' affordances and behave like human users. Platform affordances or features differ from one application platform to another or through a life cycle,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Habtom Kahsay Gidey , Peter Hillmann , Andreas Karcher , Alois Knoll

Gaze reflects how humans process visual scenes and is therefore increasingly used in computer vision systems. Previous works demonstrated the potential of gaze for object-centric tasks, such as object localization and recognition, but it…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-08-19 Yusuke Sugano , Andreas Bulling

Frontier artificial intelligence (AI) systems pose increasing risks to society, making it essential for developers to provide assurances about their safety. One approach to offering such assurances is through a safety case: a structured,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Arthur Goemans , Marie Davidsen Buhl , Jonas Schuett , Tomek Korbak , Jessica Wang , Benjamin Hilton , Geoffrey Irving

Neural networks have revolutionized various domains, exhibiting remarkable accuracy in tasks like natural language processing and computer vision. However, their vulnerability to slight alterations in input samples poses challenges,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Shashank Kotyan , Danilo Vasconcellos Vargas

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) pose critical challenges to modern cybersecurity due to their multi-stage and stealthy nature. While provenance-based detection approaches show promise in capturing causal attack semantics, current threat…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Wenhao Yan , Ning An , Linxu Li , Bingsheng Bi , Bo Jiang , Zhigang Lu , Baoxu Liu , Junrong Liu , Cong Dong

Developing a reliable and practical face recognition system is a long-standing goal in computer vision research. Existing literature suggests that pixel-wise face alignment is the key to achieve high-accuracy face recognition. By assuming a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-01-21 Yuting Zhang , Kui Jia , Yueming Wang , Gang Pan , Tsung-Han Chan , Yi Ma

We introduce WebGames, a comprehensive benchmark suite designed to evaluate general-purpose web-browsing AI agents through a collection of 50+ interactive challenges. These challenges are specifically crafted to be straightforward for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-26 George Thomas , Alex J. Chan , Jikun Kang , Wenqi Wu , Filippos Christianos , Fraser Greenlee , Andy Toulis , Marvin Purtorab

Visual Reasoning CAPTCHAs (VRCs) combine visual scenes with natural-language queries that demand compositional inference over objects, attributes, and spatial relations. They are increasingly deployed as a primary defense against automated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Minfeng Qi , Dongyang He , Qin Wang , Lefeng Zhang

A core challenge in the development of increasingly capable AI systems is to make them safe and reliable by ensuring their behaviour is consistent with human values. This challenge, known as the alignment problem, does not merely apply to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Raphaël Millière

Deep learning is found to be vulnerable to adversarial examples. However, its adversarial susceptibility in image caption generation is under-explored. We study adversarial examples for vision and language models, which typically adopt an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-08 Nayyer Aafaq , Naveed Akhtar , Wei Liu , Mubarak Shah , Ajmal Mian