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Research around Spiking Neural Networks has ignited during the last years due to their advantages when compared to traditional neural networks, including their efficient processing and inherent ability to model complex temporal dynamics.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Aitor Martinez Seras , Javier Del Ser , Jesus L. Lobo , Pablo Garcia-Bringas , Nikola Kasabov

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial to modern deep learning applications by identifying and alerting about the OOD samples that should not be tested or used for making predictions. Current OOD detection methods have made…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-22 Xinheng Wu , Jie Lu , Zhen Fang , Guangquan Zhang

Out-of-distribution detection (OOD) deals with anomalous input to neural networks. In the past, specialized methods have been proposed to reject predictions on anomalous input. Similarly, it was shown that feature extraction models in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Jan Diers , Christian Pigorsch

Prior research on out-of-distribution detection (OoDD) has primarily focused on single-modality models. Recently, with the advent of large-scale pretrained vision-language models such as CLIP, OoDD methods utilizing such multi-modal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Jeonghyeon Kim , Sangheum Hwang

In this paper, we introduce a novel end-to-end traffic classification method to distinguish between traffic classes including VPN traffic in three layers of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model. Classification of VPN traffic is not…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-12-13 Ali Parchekani , Salar Nouri , Vahid Shah-Mansouri , Seyed Pooya Shariatpanahi

Machine learning methods such as deep neural networks (DNNs), despite their success across different domains, are known to often generate incorrect predictions with high confidence on inputs outside their training distribution. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-10 Ramneet Kaur , Susmit Jha , Anirban Roy , Sangdon Park , Edgar Dobriban , Oleg Sokolsky , Insup Lee

Deep neural networks (DNNs) deployed in real-world applications can encounter out-of-distribution (OOD) data and adversarial examples. These represent distinct forms of distributional shifts that can significantly impact DNNs' reliability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Naveen Karunanayake , Ravin Gunawardena , Suranga Seneviratne , Sanjay Chawla

This thesis makes considerable contributions to the realm of machine learning, specifically in the context of open-world scenarios where systems face previously unseen data and contexts. Traditional machine learning models are usually…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Yiyou Sun

In this work, we train a network to simultaneously perform segmentation and pixel-wise Out-of-Distribution (OoD) detection, such that the segmentation of unknown regions of scenes can be rejected. This is made possible by leveraging an OoD…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-02 David Williams , Matthew Gadd , Daniele De Martini , Paul Newman

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) data at inference time is crucial for many applications of machine learning. We present XOOD: a novel extreme value-based OOD detection framework for image classification that consists of two algorithms.…

Encrypted traffic classification requires discriminative and robust traffic representation captured from content-invisible and imbalanced traffic data for accurate classification, which is challenging but indispensable to achieve network…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Xinjie Lin , Gang Xiong , Gaopeng Gou , Zhen Li , Junzheng Shi , Jing Yu

Network traffic classification that is widely applicable and highly accurate is valuable for many network security and management tasks. A flexible and easily configurable classification framework is ideal, as it can be customized for use…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Jiahui Chen , Joe Breen , Jeff M. Phillips , Jacobus Van der Merwe

Accurate network traffic classification is vital for managing modern applications with strict Quality of Service (QoS) demands, such as edge computing, real-time XR, and autonomous systems. While recent advances in application-level…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Huiwen Zhang , Feng Ye

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs is critical for safely deploying deep learning models in the real world. Existing approaches for detecting OOD examples work well when evaluated on benign in-distribution and OOD samples. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-10 Jiefeng Chen , Yixuan Li , Xi Wu , Yingyu Liang , Somesh Jha

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) samples is important for deploying machine learning models in safety-critical applications such as autonomous driving and robot-assisted surgery. Existing research has mainly focused on unimodal scenarios…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Hao Dong , Yue Zhao , Eleni Chatzi , Olga Fink

Traffic classification has been studied for two decades and applied to a wide range of applications from QoS provisioning and billing in ISPs to security-related applications in firewalls and intrusion detection systems. Port-based, data…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-05-15 Shahbaz Rezaei , Xin Liu

With 95% of Internet traffic now encrypted, an effective approach to classifying this traffic is crucial for network security and management. This paper introduces ECHO -- a novel optimization process for ML/DL-based encrypted traffic…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Shilo Daum , Tal Shapira , Anat Bremler-Barr , David Hay

Network traffic classification, a task to classify network traffic and identify its type, is the most fundamental step to improve network services and manage modern networks. Classical machine learning and deep learning method have…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-07-09 Yao Peng , Meirong He , Yu Wang

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) samples is crucial to the safe deployment of a classifier in the real world. However, deep neural networks are known to be overconfident for abnormal data. Existing works directly design score function by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-06 Wenyu Jiang , Yuxin Ge , Hao Cheng , Mingcai Chen , Shuai Feng , Chongjun Wang

Recent advancements in dense out-of-distribution (OOD) detection have primarily focused on scenarios where the training and testing datasets share a similar domain, with the assumption that no domain shift exists between them. However, in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Zhitong Gao , Shipeng Yan , Xuming He