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We study the problem of lifelong graph learning in an open-world scenario, where a model needs to deal with new tasks and potentially unknown classes. We utilize Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection methods to recognize new classes and adapt…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Marcel Hoffmann , Lukas Galke , Ansgar Scherp

Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection is a critical capability for ensuring the safe deployment of machine learning models in open-world environments, where unexpected or anomalous inputs can compromise model reliability and performance.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Weijun Gao , Rundong He , Jinyang Dong , Yongshun Gong

Understanding the decision-making and trusting the reliability of Deep Machine Learning Models is crucial for adopting such methods to safety-relevant applications. We extend self-explainable Prototypical Variational models with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Conrad Orglmeister , Erik Bochinski , Volker Eiselein , Elvira Fleig

Out-of-distribution detection is a common issue in deploying vision models in practice and solving it is an essential building block in safety critical applications. Most of the existing OOD detection solutions focus on improving the OOD…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Tomas Vojir , Jan Sochman , Rahaf Aljundi , Jiri Matas

Reliable traversable area segmentation in unstructured environments is critical for planning and decision-making in autonomous driving. However, existing data-driven approaches often suffer from degraded segmentation performance in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Zhihua Zhao , Guoqiang Li , Chen Min , Kangping Lu

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection plays a key role in enhancing the robustness of artificial intelligence systems by identifying inputs that differ significantly from the training distribution, thereby preventing unreliable predictions…

The Internet of Things (IoT) has witnessed unprecedented growth, resulting in a massive influx of diverse network traffic from interconnected devices. Effectively classifying this network traffic is crucial for optimizing resource…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Jawad Hussain Kalwar , Sania Bhatti

Most classification and segmentation datasets assume a closed-world scenario in which predictions are expressed as distribution over a predetermined set of visual classes. However, such assumption implies unavoidable and often unnoticeable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-10-02 Petra Bevandić , Ivan Krešo , Marin Oršić , Siniša Šegvić

Most existing deep learning models are trained based on the closed-world assumption, where the test data is assumed to be drawn i.i.d. from the same distribution as the training data, known as in-distribution (ID). However, when models are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Yixin Liu , Kaize Ding , Huan Liu , Shirui Pan

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is the key to deploying models safely in the open world. For OOD detection, collecting sufficient in-distribution (ID) labeled data is usually more time-consuming and costly than unlabeled data. When ID…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-19 Rundong He , Rongxue Li , Zhongyi Han , Yilong Yin

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is vital to safety-critical machine learning applications and has thus been extensively studied, with a plethora of methods developed in the literature. However, the field currently lacks a unified,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Jingkang Yang , Pengyun Wang , Dejian Zou , Zitang Zhou , Kunyuan Ding , Wenxuan Peng , Haoqi Wang , Guangyao Chen , Bo Li , Yiyou Sun , Xuefeng Du , Kaiyang Zhou , Wayne Zhang , Dan Hendrycks , Yixuan Li , Ziwei Liu

The challenges of road network segmentation demand an algorithm capable of adapting to the sparse and irregular shapes, as well as the diverse context, which often leads traditional encoding-decoding methods and simple Transformer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Jie Song , Yue Sun , Ziyun Cai , Liang Xiao , Yawen Huang , Yefeng Zheng

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for model reliability, as it identifies samples from unknown classes and reduces errors due to unexpected inputs. Vision-Language Models (VLMs) such as CLIP are emerging as powerful tools for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Yabin Zhang , Wenjie Zhu , Chenhang He , Lei Zhang

In this paper, we tackle the detection of out-of-distribution (OOD) objects in semantic segmentation. By analyzing the literature, we found that current methods are either accurate or fast but not both which limits their usability in real…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-04 Victor Besnier , Andrei Bursuc , David Picard , Alexandre Briot

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is essential in autonomous driving, to determine when learning-based components encounter unexpected inputs. Traditional detectors typically use encoder models with fixed settings, thus lacking effective…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Zhenjiang Mao , Dong-You Jhong , Ao Wang , Ivan Ruchkin

Neural networks (NNs) are widely used for object classification in autonomous driving. However, NNs can fail on input data not well represented by the training dataset, known as out-of-distribution (OOD) data. A mechanism to detect OOD…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Julia Nitsch , Masha Itkina , Ransalu Senanayake , Juan Nieto , Max Schmidt , Roland Siegwart , Mykel J. Kochenderfer , Cesar Cadena

Graph Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection aims to identify whether a test graph deviates from the distribution of graphs observed during training, which is critical for ensuring the reliability of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) when deployed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Luzhi Wang , Xuanshuo Fu , He Zhang , Chuang Liu , Xiaobao Wang , Hongbo Liu

The discrepancy between in-distribution (ID) and out-of-distribution (OOD) samples can lead to \textit{distributional vulnerability} in deep neural networks, which can subsequently lead to high-confidence predictions for OOD samples. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Zhilin Zhao , Longbing Cao , Kun-Yu Lin

Many neural network-based out-of-distribution (OoD) detection methods have been proposed. However, they require many training data for each target task. We propose a simple yet effective meta-learning method to detect OoD with small…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-22 Tomoharu Iwata , Atsutoshi Kumagai

Recognizing the type of connected devices to a network helps to perform security policies. In smart grids, identifying massive number of grid metering terminals based on network traffic analysis is almost blank and existing research has not…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Lingzi Kong , Daoqi Han , Junmei Ding , Mingrui Fan , Yueming Lu
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