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The increasing penetration of renewable energy leads to a continuous reduction in system inertia, for which conventional synchronization criteria based solely on frequency consistency can no longer accurately capture the coupled dynamics of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-24 Yusen Wei , Lan Tang , Peidong Li

We present hardware/software techniques to intelligently regulate supply voltage and clock frequency of intermittently-computing devices. These devices rely on ambient energy harvesting to power their operation and small capacitors as…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Andrea Maioli , Kevin A. Quinones , Saad Ahmed , Muhammad H. Alizai , Luca Mottola

A variety of computing platform like Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) and multicore Central Processing Unit (CPU) in data centers are suitable for acceleration of data-intensive workloads. Especially,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Rourab Paul , Marco Danelutto

The reliance on distributed renewable energy has increased recently. As a result, power electronic-based distributed generators replaced synchronous generators which led to a change in the dynamic characteristics of the microgrid. Most…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-24 Waleed Breesam , Rezvan Alamian , Nima Tashakor , Brahim Elkhalil Youcefa , Stefan M. Goetz

High penetration of renewable resources results in a power system with lower inertia and higher frequency sensitivity to power imbalances. Such systems are becoming increasingly susceptible to frequency collapse during extreme disturbances.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-11 Waheed Owonikoko , Mazen Elsaadany , Amritanshu Pandey , Mads R. Almassalkhi

This paper investigates the frequency control of multi-machine power systems subject to uncertain and dynamic net loads. We propose distributed internal model controllers that coordinate synchronous generators and demand response to tackle…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2020-01-10 Hunmin Kim , Minghui Zhu , Jianming Lian

Integration of intermittent renewable energy sources in modern power systems is increasing very fast. Replacement of synchronous generators with zero-to-low variable renewables substantially decreases the system inertia. In a large system,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-23 Mingjian Tuo , Xingpeng Li

Higher penetration of renewable generation will increase the demand for adequate (and cost-effective) controllable resources on the grid that can mitigate and contain the contingencies locally before it can cause a network-wide collapse.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-06-08 Sai Pushpak Nandanoori , Soumya Kundu , Draguna Vrabie , Karan Kalsi , Jianming Lian

Frequency control rebalances supply and demand while maintaining the network state within operational margins. It is implemented using fast ramping reserves that are expensive and wasteful, and which are expected to grow with the increasing…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-11-19 Enrique Mallada , Changhong Zhao , Steven H. Low

This paper presents a dynamic Frequency Regulation (FR) model of a large interconnected power system including Energy Storage Systems (ESSs) such as Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) and Flywheel Energy Storage Systems (FESSs),…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-11 N. Sofia Guzman E. , Claudio A. Cañizares , Kankar Bhattacharya , Daniel Sohm

In ours days data centers provide the global community an indispensable service: nearly unlimited access to almost any kind of information we can imagine by supporting most Internet services such as: Web hosting and E-commerce services.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2013-05-28 Iulia Dumitru , Grigore Stamatescu , Ioana Fagarasan , Sergiu Stelian Iliescu

One of the fundamental concerns in the operation of modern power systems is the assessment of their frequency stability in case of inertia-reduction induced by the large share of power electronic interfaced resources. Within this context,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-03 Francesco Conte , Stefano Massucco , Mario Paolone , Giacomo-Piero Schiapparelli , Federico Silvestro , Yihui Zuo

The increase of electric demand and the progressive integration of renewable sources threatens the stability of the power grid. To solve this issue, several methods have been proposed to control the demand side instead of increasing the…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-05-22 Eder Batista Tchawou Tchuisseu , Damià Gomila , Pere Colet

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been widely applied in diverse applications, but the problems of high latency and energy overhead are inevitable on resource-constrained devices. To address this challenge, most researchers focus on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yunchu Han , Zhaojun Nan , Sheng Zhou , Zhisheng Niu

The rising demand of computing power leads to the installation of a large number of Data Centers (DCs). Their Fault-Ride-Through (FRT) behavior and their unique power characteristics, especially for DCs catered to Artificial Intelligence…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-23 Alberto Jimenez-Ruiz , Federico Milano

The accelerating growth of computational demand in modern data centers has further heightened the need for power infrastructures that are highly reliable, environmentally sustainable, and capable of supporting grid stability. Small Modular…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-11 Sobhan Badakhshan , Roshni Anna Jacob , Ali Mahboub Rad , Chao Pan , Yaoyu Li , Jie Zhang

Demand response (DR) is not only a crucial solution to the demand side management but also a vital means of electricity market in maintaining power grid reliability, sustainability and stability. DR can enable consumers (e.g. data centers)…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-01-11 Jianhai Chen , Deshi Ye , Shouling Ji , Qinming He , Yang Xiang , Zhenguang Liu

The rapid growth of AI/ML data centers has led to higher energy consumption and carbon emissions. The shift to renewable energy and growing data center energy demands can destabilize the power grid. Power grids rely on frequency regulation…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Ali Jahanshahi , Sara Rashidi Golrouye , Osten Anderson , Nanpeng Yu , Daniel Wong

This paper investigates the dynamic interactions between large-scale data centers and the power grid, focusing on reliability challenges arising from sudden fluctuations in demand. With the rapid growth of AI-driven workloads, such…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-30 Kyung-Bin Kwon , Sayak Mukherjee , Veronica Adetola

The increasing integration of renewable energy resources into power grids has led to time-varying system inertia and consequent degradation in frequency dynamics. A promising solution to alleviate performance degradation is using power…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-29 Jie Feng , Wenqi Cui , Jorge Cortés , Yuanyuan Shi