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Hierarchical graphs often exhibit tree-like branching patterns, a structural property that challenges the design of traditional graph filters. We introduce a boundary-weighted operator that rescales each edge according to how far its…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2025-06-19 Le Vu Anh , Mehmet Dik , Nguyen Viet Anh

Graph signal processing analyzes signals supported on the nodes of a graph by defining the shift operator in terms of a matrix, such as the graph adjacency matrix or Laplacian matrix, related to the structure of the graph. With respect to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-03-01 Stephen Kruzick , José M. F. Moura

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become the de-facto standard tool for modeling relational data. However, while many real-world graphs are directed, the majority of today's GNN models discard this information altogether by simply making…

In this paper, we present a novel generalization of the graph Fourier transform (GFT). Our approach is based on separately considering the definitions of signal energy and signal variation, leading to several possible orthonormal GFTs. Our…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-12-20 Benjamin Girault , Antonio Ortega , Shrikanth Narayanan

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have shown state-of-the-art performances in various applications. However, GNNs often struggle to capture long-range dependencies in graphs due to oversmoothing. In this paper, we generalize the concept of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Sohir Maskey , Raffaele Paolino , Aras Bacho , Gitta Kutyniok

In this study, we challenge the traditional approach of frequency analysis on directed graphs, which typically relies on a single measure of signal variation such as total variation. We argue that the inherent directionality in directed…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-17 Semin Kwak , Laura Shimabukuro , Antonio Ortega

Design of filters for graph signal processing benefits from knowledge of the spectral decomposition of matrices that encode graphs, such as the adjacency matrix and the Laplacian matrix, used to define the shift operator. For shift matrices…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2017-01-10 Stephen Kruzick , José M. F. Moura

Graph signal processing extends spectral analysis to data supported on irregular domains. Existing fractional transforms for two-dimensional graph signals, including the two-dimensional graph fractional Fourier transform (GFRFT), typically…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-03 Mingzhi Wang , Manjun Cui , Feiyue Zhao , Yangfan He , Zhichao Zhang

This paper provides an overview of the current landscape of signal processing (SP) on directed graphs (digraphs). Directionality is inherent to many real-world (information, transportation, biological) networks and it should play an…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-04 Antonio G. Marques , Santiago Segarra , Gonzalo Mateos

Real-world data is often represented through the relationships between data samples, forming a graph structure. In many applications, it is necessary to learn this graph structure from the observed data. Current graph learning research has…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-15 Abdullah Karaaslanli , Bisakh Banerjee , Tapabrata Maiti , Selin Aviyente

In this paper we investigated the possibility to use the magnetic Laplacian to characterize directed graphs (a.k.a. networks). Many interesting results are obtained, including the finding that community structure is related to rotational…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-08-04 Bruno Messias F. de Resende , Luciano da F. Costa

Connection graphs (CGs) extend traditional graph models by coupling network topology with orthogonal transformations, enabling the representation of global geometric consistency. They play a key role in applications such as synchronization,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Leonardo Di Nino , Gabriele D'Acunto , Sergio Barbarossa , Paolo Di Lorenzo

The work in this thesis concerns the investigation of eigenvalues of the Laplacian matrix, normalized Laplacian matrix, signless Laplacian matrix and distance signless Laplacian matrix of graphs. In Chapter 1, we present a brief…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-07-21 Bilal A. Rather

Graph convolutional networks(GCNs) have become the most popular approaches for graph data in these days because of their powerful ability to extract features from graph. GCNs approaches are divided into two categories, spectral-based and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-23 Yi Ma , Jianye Hao , Yaodong Yang , Han Li , Junqi Jin , Guangyong Chen

It is reported that dynamical systems over digraphs have superior performance in terms of system damping and tolerance to time delays if the underlying graph Laplacian has a purely real spectrum. This paper investigates the topological…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-08-08 Tianhao Yu , Shenglu Wang , Mengqi Xue , Yue Song , David J. Hill

We introduce a set of novel multiscale basis transforms for signals on graphs that utilize their "dual" domains by incorporating the "natural" distances between graph Laplacian eigenvectors, rather than simply using the eigenvalue ordering.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-26 Alexander Cloninger , Haotian Li , Naoki Saito

The use of Laplacian eigenfunctions is ubiquitous in a wide range of computer graphics and geometry processing applications. In particular, Laplacian eigenbases allow generalizing the classical Fourier analysis to manifolds. A key drawback…

Graphics · Computer Science 2017-11-03 Simone Melzi , Emanuele Rodolà , Umberto Castellani , Michael M. Bronstein

In most work to date, graph signal sampling and reconstruction algorithms are intrinsically tied to graph properties, assuming bandlimitedness and optimal sampling set choices. However, practical scenarios often defy these assumptions,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-23 Darukeesan Pakiyarajah , Eduardo Pavez , Antonio Ortega

Defining a sound shift operator for signals existing on a certain graph structure, similar to the well-defined shift operator in classical signal processing, is a crucial problem in graph signal processing, since almost all operations, such…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2017-09-07 Adnan Gavili , Xiao-Ping Zhang

To address the peculiarities of directed and/or signed graphs, new Laplacian operators have emerged. For instance, in the case of directionality, we encounter the magnetic operator, dilation (which is underexplored), operators based on…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Bruno Messias Farias de Resende