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Large language models are being deployed as mental health support agents at scale, yet only 16% of LLM-based chatbot interventions have undergone rigorous clinical efficacy testing, and simulations reveal psychological deterioration in over…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Suhas BN , Andrew M. Sherrill , Rosa I. Arriaga , Chris W. Wiese , Saeed Abdullah

Artificial intelligence has transformed numerous industries, from healthcare to finance, enhancing decision-making through automated systems. However, the reliability of these systems is mainly dependent on the quality of the underlying…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Tadesse K. Bahiru , Haileleol Tibebu , Ioannis A. Kakadiaris

Autonomous AI agents powered by large language models are being deployed in production with capabilities including shell execution, file system access, database queries, and multi-party communication. Recent red teaming research…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Saikat Maiti

Hidden license conflicts in the open-source AI ecosystem pose serious legal and ethical risks, exposing organizations to potential litigation and users to undisclosed risk. However, the field lacks a data-driven understanding of how…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-15 James Jewitt , Hao Li , Bram Adams , Gopi Krishnan Rajbahadur , Ahmed E. Hassan

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly used in critical applications. Thus, the need for dependable AI systems is rapidly growing. In 2018, the European Commission appointed experts to a High-Level Expert Group on AI (AI-HLEG).…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-03-17 Markus Borg , Joshua Bronson , Linus Christensson , Fredrik Olsson , Olof Lennartsson , Elias Sonnsjö , Hamid Ebabi , Martin Karsberg

AI agent frameworks connecting large language model (LLM) reasoning to host execution surfaces -- shell, filesystem, containers, and messaging -- introduce security challenges structurally distinct from conventional software. We present a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Surada Suwansathit , Yuxuan Zhang , Guofei Gu

The risks of frontier AI may require international cooperation, which in turn may require verification: checking that all parties follow agreed-on rules. For instance, states might need to verify that powerful AI models are widely deployed…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Mauricio Baker , Gabriel Kulp , Oliver Marks , Miles Brundage , Lennart Heim

As more clinical workflows continue to be augmented by artificial intelligence (AI), AI literacy among physicians will become a critical requirement for ensuring safe and ethical AI-enabled patient care. Despite the evolving importance of…

AI safety benchmarks are pivotal for safety in advanced AI systems; however, they have significant technical, epistemic, and sociotechnical shortcomings. We present a review of 210 safety benchmarks that maps out common challenges in safety…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Cheng Yu , Severin Engelmann , Ruoxuan Cao , Dalia Ali , Orestis Papakyriakopoulos

We introduce AEGIS, A holistic benchmark for Evaluating forensic analysis of AI-Generated academic ImageS. Compared to existing benchmarks, AEGIS features three key advances: (1) Domain-Specific Complexity: covering seven academic…

This study compares state-of-the-art Large Language Models (LLMs) on their tendency to generate vulnerabilities when writing C programs using a neutral zero-shot prompt. Tihanyi et al. introduced the FormAI dataset at PROMISE'23, featuring…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Norbert Tihanyi , Tamas Bisztray , Mohamed Amine Ferrag , Ridhi Jain , Lucas C. Cordeiro

Teachers' trust in artificial intelligence (AI) in education depends on how they balance its perceived benefits and risks. Yet global discussions about scaling AI in education rely on fragmented evidence, as most studies of teachers'…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yan Tao , Olga Viberg , Deepak Varuvel Dennison , Zhikun Wu , René F. Kizilcec

There is an increasing global emphasis on information accessibility, with numerous researchers actively developing automated tools to detect and repair accessibility issues, thereby ensuring that individuals with diverse abilities can…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Liming Nie , Hao Liu , Jing Sun , Kabir Sulaiman Said , Shanshan Hong , Lei Xue , Zhiyuan Wei , Yangyang Zhao , Meng Li

AI agents powered by large language models (LLMs) are being deployed at scale, yet we lack a systematic understanding of how the choice of backbone LLM affects agent security. The non-deterministic sequential nature of AI agents complicates…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Julia Bazinska , Max Mathys , Francesco Casucci , Mateo Rojas-Carulla , Xander Davies , Alexandra Souly , Niklas Pfister

An AI design framework was developed based on three core principles, namely understandability, trust, and usability. The framework was conceptualized by synthesizing evidence from the literature and by consulting with experts. The initial…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Mohammad Golam Kibria , Lauren Kucirka , Javed Mostafa

Over the past decade, an ecosystem of measures has emerged to evaluate the social and ethical implications of AI systems, largely shaped by high-level ethics principles. These measures are developed and used in fragmented ways, without…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Shalaleh Rismani , Renee Shelby , Leah Davis , Negar Rostamzadeh , AJung Moon

InvisibleBench is a deployment gate for caregiving-relationship AI, evaluating 3-20+ turn interactions across five dimensions: Safety, Compliance, Trauma-Informed Design, Belonging/Cultural Fitness, and Memory. The benchmark includes…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Ali Madad

Drawing on 1,178 safety and reliability papers from 9,439 generative AI papers (January 2020 - March 2025), we compare research outputs of leading AI companies (Anthropic, Google DeepMind, Meta, Microsoft, and OpenAI) and AI universities…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Ilan Strauss , Isobel Moure , Tim O'Reilly , Sruly Rosenblat

We present an automated crosswalk framework that compares an AI safety policy document pair under a shared taxonomy of activities. Using the activity categories defined in Activity Map on AI Safety as fixed aspects, the system extracts and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Takayuki Semitsu , Naoto Kiribuchi , Kengo Zenitani