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Despite the fact that cyberattacks are constantly growing in complexity, the research community still lacks effective tools to easily monitor and understand them. In particular, there is a need for techniques that are able to not only track…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-30 Yun Shen , Gianluca Stringhini

Agentic AI systems plan, use tools, maintain state, and act across multi-step workflows with external effects, meaning trustworthy deployment can no longer be judged by task completion alone. The current literature remains fragmented across…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Christopher Koch , Joshua Andreas Wellbrock

A wide variety of Cyber Threat Information (CTI) is used by Security Operation Centres (SOCs) to perform validation of security incidents and alerts. Security experts manually define different types of rules and scripts based on CTI to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Chadni Islam , M. Ali Babar , Roland Croft , Helge Janicke

Click-Through Rate (CTR) prediction, a core task in recommendation systems, estimates user click likelihood using historical behavioral data. Modeling user behavior sequences as text to leverage Language Models (LMs) for this task has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Zixuan Li , Binzong Geng , Jing Xiong , Yong He , Yuxuan Hu , Jian Chen , Dingwei Chen , Xiyu Chang , Liang Zhang , Linjian Mo , Chengming Li , Chuan Yuan , Zhenan Sun

Recent advances in digital platforms generate rich, high-dimensional logs of human behavior, and machine learning models have helped social scientists explain knowledge accumulation, communication, and information diffusion. Such models,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Akira Matsui , Emilio Ferrara

Extracting MITRE ATT\&CK Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (TTPs) from natural language threat reports is crucial yet challenging. Existing methods primarily focus on performance metrics using data-driven approaches, often neglecting…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Cheng Meng , ZhengWei Jiang , QiuYun Wang , XinYi Li , ChunYan Ma , FangMing Dong , FangLi Ren , BaoXu Liu

We present Stratified Metric Temporal Logic (SMTL), a novel formalism for specifying and verifying properties of complex cyber-physical systems that exhibit behaviors across multiple temporal and abstraction scales. SMTL extends existing…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-13 Ali Baheri , Peng Wei

Pragmatic reasoning, inferring intended meaning beyond literal semantics, underpins everyday communication yet remains difficult for large language models. We present the Contextual Emotional Inference (CEI) Benchmark: 300 human-validated…

This study addresses the structural complexity and semantic ambiguity in stakeholder interactions within the Education-Industry Integration (EII) system. The scarcity of real interview data, absence of structured variable modeling, and lack…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Wei Meng

Modern industrial systems face a growing threat from sophisticated cyberattacks that can cause significant operational disruptions. This work presents a novel methodology for identification of the most critical cyberattacks that may disrupt…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-31 Bruno Paes Leao , Jagannadh Vempati , Siddharth Bhela , Tobias Ahlgrim , Daniel Arnold

India's Right to Information Act, 2005 gives every citizen the right to demand information from public authorities, yet in practice most people cannot make sense of the dense administrative language used in Central Information Commission…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Joy Bose

Contemporary AI governance frameworks rely heavily on post hoc oversight, policy guidance, and behavioral alignment techniques, yet these mechanisms become fragile as systems gain autonomy, speed, and operational opacity. This paper…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Adam Massimo Mazzocchetti

Modern AI agents execute real-world side effects through tool calls such as file operations, shell commands, HTTP requests, and database queries. A single unsafe action, including accidental deletion, credential exposure, or data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Chenglin Yang

Due to the ever-increasing threat of cyber-attacks to critical cyber infrastructure, organizations are focusing on building their cybersecurity knowledge base. A salient list of cybersecurity knowledge is the Common Vulnerabilities and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-05 Benjamin Ampel , Sagar Samtani , Steven Ullman , Hsinchun Chen

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) are difficult to detect due to their complexity and stealthiness. To mitigate such attacks, many approaches model entities and their relationship using provenance graphs to detect the stealthy and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Wenhao Yan , Ning An , Wei Qiao , Weiheng Wu , Bo Jiang , Zhigang Lu , Baoxu Liu , Junrong Liu

While existing text-to-speech (TTS) models exhibit high expressiveness, fine-grained control over composite instructions remains challenging due to the structural mismatch between discrete textual intents and continuous acoustic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Bin Kang , Shaoguo Wen , Yang Fan , Shunlong Wu , Junjie Wang , Yulin Li , Junzhi Zhao , Junle Wang , Zhuotao Tian

Synthetic insider threat benchmarks face a consistency problem: corpora generated without an external factual constraint cannot rule out cross-artifact contradictions. The CERT dataset -- the field's canonical benchmark -- is also static,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Jeffrey Flynt

Deploying models on target domain data subject to distribution shift requires adaptation. Test-time training (TTT) emerges as a solution to this adaptation under a realistic scenario where access to full source domain data is not available…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Yongyi Su , Xun Xu , Kui Jia

Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) attacks have caused significant damage worldwide. Various Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) systems are deployed by enterprises to fight against potential threats. However, EDR suffers from high false…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Tiantian Zhu , Jie Ying , Tieming Chen , Chunlin Xiong , Wenrui Cheng , Qixuan Yuan , Aohan Zheng , Mingqi Lv , Yan Chen

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting has been used to enhance the reasoning capability of LLMs. However, its reliability in security-sensitive analytical tasks remains insufficiently examined, particularly under structured human evaluation.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Jiling Zhou , Aisvarya Adeseye , Seppo Virtanen , Antti Hakkala , Jouni Isoaho