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The objectives of cyberattacks are becoming sophisticated, and attackers are concealing their identity by masquerading as other attackers. Cyber threat intelligence (CTI) is gaining attention as a way to collect meaningful knowledge to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Daegeon Kim , Huy Kang Kim

In Agentic AI, Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in the orchestration layer to coordinate multiple agents and to interact with external services, retrieval components, and shared memory. In this setting, failures are not…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Ciprian Paduraru , Petru-Liviu Bouruc , Alin Stefanescu

The Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus remains one of the most compelling and challenging benchmarks for tracking progress toward achieving Artificial General Intelligence. In contrast to other evaluation datasets designed to assess an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Michael D. Moffitt

AI agent development relies heavily on natural language prompting to define agents' tasks, knowledge, and goals. These prompts are interpreted by Large Language Models (LLMs), which govern agent behavior. Consequently, agentic performance…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Roi Ben-Gigi , Yuval David , Fabiana Fournier , Lior Limonad , Dany Moshkovich , Hadar Mulian , Segev Shlomov

Large Language Models (LLMs) execute complex multi-turn interaction protocols but lack formal specifications to verify execution against designer intent. We introduce FASTRIC, a Prompt Specification Language that makes implicit Finite State…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Wen-Long Jin

AI-driven penetration testing agents are now capable of autonomously executing attacks within compromised networks. Identifying the model family that controls the active sessions of such agents provides valuable information towards…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Murali Ediga , Sudipta Chattopadhyay

Deploying large language models in long-horizon, goal-oriented interactions remains challenging because similar entities and facts recur under different latent goals and constraints, causing memory systems to retrieve context-mismatched…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Ruozhen Yang , Yucheng Jiang , Yueqi Jiang , Priyanka Kargupta , Yunyi Zhang , Jiawei Han

Audit logs containing system level events are frequently used for behavior modeling as they can provide detailed insight into cyber-threat occurrences. However, mapping low-level system events in audit logs to highlevel behaviors has been a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Mohammad Mamun , Scott Buffett

AI-driven speech-to-text (STT) documentation systems are increasingly adopted in clinical settings to reduce documentation burden and improve workflow efficiency. However, adoption has outpaced systematic evaluation of socio-technical risks…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Nelly Elsayed

Understanding the modus operandi of adversaries aids organizations in employing efficient defensive strategies and sharing intelligence in the community. This knowledge is often present in unstructured natural language text within threat…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Nanda Rani , Bikash Saha , Vikas Maurya , Sandeep Kumar Shukla

Modern electrical power grids represent complex cyber-physical systems requiring specialized cybersecurity frameworks beyond traditional IT security models. Existing threat intelligence standards such as STIX 2.1 and MITRE ATT\&CK lack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Benjamin Blakely , Daniel Karcz

AI-driven penetration testing now executes thousands of actions per hour but still lacks the strategic intuition humans apply in competitive security. To build cybersecurity superintelligence --Cybersecurity AI exceeding best human…

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is increasingly rec ognized as essential for deploying machine learning systems in safety critical environments. In Automatic Target Recognition (ATR), where models operate on image, video, radar,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Vanessa Buhrmester , David Muench , Dimitri Bulatov , Michael Arens

Event-driven scheduling policies are increasingly deployed in industrial environments, where decisions are made under asynchronous and partially observed system states. As a result, decision states are not temporally consistent, action…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Jonathan Hoss , Noah Klarmann

Despite the transformative impact of deep learning across multiple domains, the inherent opacity of these models has driven the development of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI). Among these efforts, Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Songning Lai , Jiayu Yang , Yu Huang , Lijie Hu , Tianlang Xue , Zhangyi Hu , Jiaxu Li , Haicheng Liao , Yutao Yue

Humans are black boxes -- we cannot observe their neural processes, yet society functions by evaluating verifiable arguments. AI explainability should follow this principle: stakeholders need verifiable reasoning chains, not mechanistic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Ege Cakar , Per Ola Kristensson

The complexity of modern computing environments and the growing sophistication of cyber threats necessitate a more robust, adaptive, and automated approach to security enforcement. In this paper, we present a framework leveraging large…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Pablo Fernández Saura , K. R. Jayaram , Vatche Isahagian , Jorge Bernal Bernabé , Antonio Skarmeta

Due to the variety of cyber-attacks or threats, the cybersecurity community enhances the traditional security control mechanisms to an advanced level so that automated tools can encounter potential security threats. Very recently, Cyber…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Md Imran Hossen , Ashraful Islam , Farzana Anowar , Eshtiak Ahmed , Mohammad Masudur Rahman , Xiali , Hei

Advanced AI systems offer substantial benefits but also introduce risks. In 2025, AI-enabled cyber offense has emerged as a concrete example. This technical report applies a quantitative risk modeling methodology (described in full in a…

Several recent works have argued that Large Language Models (LLMs) can be used to tame the data deluge in the cybersecurity field, by improving the automation of Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) tasks. This work presents an evaluation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Emanuele Mezzi , Fabio Massacci , Katja Tuma