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Machine learning has revolutionized polymer science by enabling rapid property prediction and generative design. Large language models (LLMs) offer further opportunities in polymer informatics by simplifying workflows that traditionally…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Sonakshi Gupta , Akhlak Mahmood , Shivank Shukla , Rampi Ramprasad

Biological multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have emerged as powerful foundation models for scientific discovery. However, existing models are specialized to a single modality, limiting their ability to solve inherently cross-modal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Wonbin Lee , Dongki Kim , Sung Ju Hwang

Molecular property prediction is an increasingly critical task within drug discovery and development. Typically, neural networks can learn molecular properties using graph-based, language-based or feature-based methods. Recent advances in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Philip Spence , Brooks Paige , Anne Osbourn

How do we measure the efficacy of language model explainability methods? While many explainability methods have been developed, they are typically evaluated on bespoke tasks, preventing an apples-to-apples comparison. To help fill this gap,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Edmund Mills , Shiye Su , Stuart Russell , Scott Emmons

Geometric representation-conditioned molecule generation provides an effective paradigm that decouples molecule representation modeling from structure generation. By decoupling molecule generation into two stages-first generating a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Shaoheng Yan , Zian Li , Cai Zhou , Qiaojing Huang , Kai Liu , Muhan Zhang

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have made impressive progress in many applications in recent years. However, chemical MLLMs that can handle cross-modal understanding and generation remain underexplored. To fill this gap, we propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Qian Tan , Dongzhan Zhou , Peng Xia , Wanhao Liu , Wanli Ouyang , Lei Bai , Yuqiang Li , Tianfan Fu

Learning representations for pixel-based control has garnered significant attention recently in reinforcement learning. A wide range of methods have been proposed to enable efficient learning, leading to sample complexities similar to those…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Manan Tomar , Utkarsh A. Mishra , Amy Zhang , Matthew E. Taylor

The quantum Hamiltonian is a fundamental property that governs a molecule's electronic structure and behavior, and its calculation and prediction are paramount in computational chemistry and materials science. Accurate prediction is highly…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Zhenzhong Wang , Yongjie Hou , Chenggong Huang , Yuxuan Du , Dacheng Tao , Min Jiang

The polymer model framework is a classical tool from statistical mechanics that has recently been used to obtain approximation algorithms for spin systems on classes of bounded-degree graphs; examples include the ferromagnetic Potts model…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Andreas Galanis , Leslie Ann Goldberg , James Stewart

Research in cell biology is steadily contributing new knowledge about many different aspects of physiological processes like polymerization, both with respect to the involved molecular structures as well as their related function.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2014-07-15 Ivan Kolesar , Julius Parulek , Ivan Viola , Stefan Bruckner , Anne-Kristin Stavrum , Helwig Hauser

In the field of chemical structure recognition, the task of converting molecular images into machine-readable data formats such as SMILES string stands as a significant challenge, primarily due to the varied drawing styles and conventions…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Yufan Chen , Ching Ting Leung , Yong Huang , Jianwei Sun , Hao Chen , Hanyu Gao

We investigate 17 benchmarks (e.g. SugarCREPE, VALSE) commonly used for measuring compositional understanding capabilities of vision-language models (VLMs). We scrutinize design choices in their construction, including data source (e.g.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Vishaal Udandarao , Mehdi Cherti , Shyamgopal Karthik , Jenia Jitsev , Samuel Albanie , Matthias Bethge

Transformer-based models trained on large and general purpose datasets consisting of molecular strings have recently emerged as a powerful tool for successfully modeling various structure-property relations. Inspired by this success, we…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-04-02 Jerret Ross , Brian Belgodere , Samuel C. Hoffman , Vijil Chenthamarakshan , Jiri Navratil , Youssef Mroueh , Payel Das

The effective representation of proteins is a crucial task that directly affects the performance of many bioinformatics problems. Related proteins usually bind to similar ligands. Chemical characteristics of ligands are known to capture the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-07-02 Hakime Öztürk , Elif Ozkirimli , Arzucan Özgür

Scientific software relies on high-precision computation, yet finite floating-point representations can introduce precision errors that propagate in safety-critical domains. Despite the growing use of large language models (LLMs) in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Tien Nguyen , Kirshanthan Sundararajah , Muhammad Ali Gulzar

Mechanisms are a fundamental concept in many areas of science. Nonetheless, there has been little effort to develop structures to represent mechanisms. We explore the issues in developing a basic semantic modeling framework for describing…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2019-01-01 Robert B Allen

Machine learning (ML) models for predicting gas permeability through polymers have traditionally relied on experimental data. While these models exhibit robustness within familiar chemical domains, reliability wanes when applied to new…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-06-24 Brandon K. Phan , Kuan-Hsuan Shen , Rishi Gurnani , Huan Tran , Ryan Lively , Rampi Ramprasad

The ability to translate diverse patterns of inputs into structured patterns of behavior has been thought to rest on both humans' and machines' ability to learn robust representations of relevant concepts. The rapid advancement of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Zach Studdiford , Timothy T. Rogers , Kushin Mukherjee , Siddharth Suresh

Structural equation modeling (SEM) is a statistical method widely used in educational research to investigate relationships between variables. SEM models are typically constructed based on theoretical foundations and assessed through fit…

Physics Education · Physics 2024-05-31 Yangqiuting Li , Chandralekha Singh

Understanding how chemical language models (CLMs) learn chemical meaning from molecular string representations, rather than only surface-level string patterns, is an important question in chemical representation learning and machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Zehao Li , Yasuhiro Yoshikai , Shumpei Nemoto , Hiroyuki Kusuhara , Tadahaya Mizuno