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Graphs are a central representation in biomedical research, capturing molecular interaction networks, gene regulatory circuits, cell--cell communication maps, and knowledge graphs. Despite their importance, currently there is not a broadly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Sakib Mostafa , Lei Xing , Md. Tauhidul Islam

Quality molecular representations are key to foundation model development in bio-medical research. Previous efforts have typically focused on a single representation or molecular view, which may have strengths or weaknesses on a given task.…

Copolymers are highly versatile materials with a vast range of possible chemical compositions. By using computational methods for property prediction, the design of copolymers can be accelerated, allowing for the prioritization of…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-09-16 Elaheh Kazemi-Khasragh , Rocío Mercado , Carlos Gonzalez , Maciej Haranczyk

Foundation models (FMs), including large language models, have become increasingly popular due to their wide-ranging applicability and ability to understand human-like semantics. While previous research has explored the use of FMs in…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-28 Peiwen Jiang , Chao-Kai Wen , Xinping Yi , Xiao Li , Shi Jin , Jun Zhang

Molecular property prediction is essential in chemistry, especially for drug discovery applications. However, available molecular property data is often limited, encouraging the transfer of information from related data. Transfer learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-07 Johan Broberg , Maria Bånkestad , Erik Ylipää

Pre-trained on extensive text and image corpora, current Multi-Modal Large Language Models (MLLM) have shown strong capabilities in general visual reasoning tasks. However, their performance is still lacking in physical domains that require…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Erle Zhu , Yadi Liu , Zhe Zhang , Xujun Li , Jin Zhou , Xinjie Yu , Minlie Huang , Hongning Wang

Polymers are a versatile class of materials with widespread industrial applications. Advanced computational tools could revolutionize their design, but their complex, multi-scale nature poses significant modeling challenges. Conventional…

Foundation models pretrained on diverse data at scale have demonstrated extraordinary capabilities in a wide range of vision and language tasks. When such models are deployed in real world environments, they inevitably interface with other…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-08 Sherry Yang , Ofir Nachum , Yilun Du , Jason Wei , Pieter Abbeel , Dale Schuurmans

Polymers are large macromolecules composed of repeating structural units known as monomers and are widely applied in fields such as energy storage, construction, medicine, and aerospace. However, existing graph neural network methods,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Yihan Zhu , Gang Liu , Eric Inae , Tengfei Luo , Meng Jiang

Partial differential equations can be solved on general polygonal and polyhedral meshes, through Polytopal Element Methods (PEMs). Unfortunately, the relation between geometry and analysis is still unknown and subject to ongoing research in…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2022-11-23 Daniela Cabiddu , Giuseppe Patanè , Michela Spagnuolo

Spatial reasoning plays a vital role in both human cognition and machine intelligence, prompting new research into language models' (LMs) capabilities in this regard. However, existing benchmarks reveal shortcomings in evaluating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Fangjun Li , David C. Hogg , Anthony G. Cohn

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved strong results in molecular property prediction, but polymers present distinct challenges: labeled datasets are scarce and small (typically in the order of hundreds of polymers) due to the need for…

Providing explainable molecular property predictions is critical for many scientific domains, such as drug discovery and material science. Though transformer-based language models have shown great potential in accurate molecular property…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Zhenzhong Wang , Zehui Lin , Wanyu Lin , Ming Yang , Minggang Zeng , Kay Chen Tan

Multimodal Small-to-Medium sized Language Models (MSLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in integrating visual and textual information but still face significant limitations in visual comprehension and mathematical reasoning,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Ashutosh Bajpai , Akshat Bhandari , Akshay Nambi , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Learning-based signal processing systems increasingly support high-stakes medical decisions using heterogeneous biomedical signals, including medical images, physiological time series, and clinical records. Despite strong predictive…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-02 Surajit Das , Maxine Tan

Large language models (LLMs) have become a popular approach for simulating human behaviors, yet it remains unclear if LLMs are necessary for all simulation tasks. We study a broad family of close-ended simulation tasks, with applications…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Joseph Suh , Suhong Moon , Serina Chang

Polymer composite materials require softening to reduce their glass transition temperature and improve processability. To this end, plasticizers, which are small organic molecules, are added to the polymer matrix. The miscibility of these…

Language models are defined over a finite set of inputs, which creates a vocabulary bottleneck when we attempt to scale the number of supported languages. Tackling this bottleneck results in a trade-off between what can be represented in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Phillip Rust , Jonas F. Lotz , Emanuele Bugliarello , Elizabeth Salesky , Miryam de Lhoneux , Desmond Elliott

In recent years, sign language processing (SLP) has gained importance in the general field of Natural Language Processing. However, compared to research on spoken languages, SLP research is hindered by complex ad-hoc code, inadvertently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Gerard Sant , Zifan Jiang , Carlos Escolano , Amit Moryossef , Mathias Müller , Rico Sennrich , Sarah Ebling

Emotions play a crucial role in human behavior and decision-making, making emotion recognition a key area of interest in human-computer interaction (HCI). This study addresses the challenges of emotion recognition by integrating facial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Zaitian Wang , Jian He , Yu Liang , Xiyuan Hu , Tianhao Peng , Kaixin Wang , Jiakai Wang , Chenlong Zhang , Weili Zhang , Shuang Niu , Xiaoyang Xie