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Related papers: Mining Legal Arguments to Study Judicial Formalism

200 papers

Legal reasoning requires both precise interpretation of statutory language and consistent application of complex rules, presenting significant challenges for AI systems. This paper introduces a modular multi-agent framework that decomposes…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Albert Sadowski , Jarosław A. Chudziak

Logical page segmentation is an important step in document analysis, enabling better semantic representations, information retrieval, and text understanding. Previous approaches define logical segmentation either through text or geometric…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Martin Kostelník , Karel Beneš , Michal Hradiš

Legal document summarization represents a significant advancement towards improving judicial efficiency through the automation of key information detection. Our approach leverages state-of-the-art natural language processing techniques to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Yongjie Li , Ruilin Nong , Jianan Liu , Lucas Evans

Analysis and extraction of useful information from legal judgments using computational linguistics was one of the earliest problems posed in the domain of information retrieval. Presently, several commercial vendors exist who automate such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-05 Sankalok Sen

Legal judgment prediction (LJP) applies Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques to predict judgment results based on fact descriptions automatically. Recently, large-scale public datasets and advances in NLP research have led to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Junyun Cui , Xiaoyu Shen , Feiping Nie , Zheng Wang , Jinglong Wang , Yulong Chen

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence in legal natural language processing demands scalable methods for evaluating text extraction from judicial decisions. This study evaluates 16 unsupervised metrics, including novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Ivan Leonidovich Litvak , Anton Kostin , Fedor Lashkin , Tatiana Maksiyan , Sergey Lagutin

This paper conducts a comparative study on the performance of various machine learning (``ML'') approaches for classifying judgments into legal areas. Using a novel dataset of 6,227 Singapore Supreme Court judgments, we investigate how…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-16 Jerrold Soh Tsin Howe , Lim How Khang , Ian Ernst Chai

Automatic legal judgment prediction and its explanation suffer from the problem of long case documents exceeding tens of thousands of words, in general, and having a non-uniform structure. Predicting judgments from such documents and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Nishchal Prasad , Mohand Boughanem , Taoufik Dkaki

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in scientific domains. While they can produce reasoning-like content via methods such as chain-of-thought prompting, these outputs are typically unstructured and informal, obscuring whether…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Pengze Li , Jiaqi Liu , Junchi Yu , Lihao Liu , Mingyu Ding , Wanli Ouyang , Shixiang Tang , Xi Chen

Large language models (LLMs) with Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting achieve strong reasoning but often produce unnecessarily long explanations, increasing cost and sometimes reducing accuracy. Fair comparison of efficiency-oriented…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Junquan Huang , Haotian Wu , Yubo Gao , Yibo Yan , Junyan Zhang , Yonghua Hei , Song Dai , Jie Zhang , Puay Siew Tan , Xuming Hu

The leaderboard of Large Language Models (LLMs) in mathematical tasks has been continuously updated. However, the majority of evaluations focus solely on the final results, neglecting the quality of the intermediate steps. This oversight…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Shijie Xia , Xuefeng Li , Yixin Liu , Tongshuang Wu , Pengfei Liu

Normative reasoning is a type of reasoning that involves normative or deontic modality, such as obligation and permission. While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across various reasoning tasks, their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Kentaro Ozeki , Risako Ando , Takanobu Morishita , Hirohiko Abe , Koji Mineshima , Mitsuhiro Okada

Rule-based reasoning, a fundamental type of legal reasoning, enables us to draw conclusions by accurately applying a rule to a set of facts. We explore causal language models as rule-based reasoners, specifically with respect to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Sergio Servantez , Joe Barrow , Kristian Hammond , Rajiv Jain

The advent of large language models (LLMs) and their adoption by the legal community has given rise to the question: what types of legal reasoning can LLMs perform? To enable greater study of this question, we present LegalBench: a…

This paper introduces JuDGE (Judgment Document Generation Evaluation), a novel benchmark for evaluating the performance of judgment document generation in the Chinese legal system. We define the task as generating a complete legal judgment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Weihang Su , Baoqing Yue , Qingyao Ai , Yiran Hu , Jiaqi Li , Changyue Wang , Kaiyuan Zhang , Yueyue Wu , Yiqun Liu

Retrieving case law is a time-consuming task predominantly carried out by querying databases. We provide a comparison of two models in three different settings for Czech Constitutional Court decisions: (i) a large general-purpose embedder…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Tereza Novotna , Jakub Harasta

Legal judgments may contain errors due to the complexity of case circumstances and the abstract nature of legal concepts, while existing appellate review mechanisms face efficiency pressures from a surge in case volumes. Although current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Yifei Li , Richong Zhang , Wanyu Tu , Zhijie Nie , Haokun Luo , Chuantao Yin , Pengchong Li

Logical reasoning is a fundamental aspect of human intelligence and an essential capability for multimodal large language models (MLLMs). Despite the significant advancement in multimodal reasoning, existing benchmarks fail to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Jiakang Yuan , Tianshuo Peng , Yilei Jiang , Yiting Lu , Renrui Zhang , Kaituo Feng , Chaoyou Fu , Tao Chen , Lei Bai , Bo Zhang , Xiangyu Yue

Legal case documents play a critical role in judicial proceedings. As the number of cases continues to rise, the reliance on manual drafting of legal case documents is facing increasing pressure and challenges. The development of large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Haitao Li , Jiaying Ye , Yiran Hu , Jia Chen , Qingyao Ai , Yueyue Wu , Junjie Chen , Yifan Chen , Cheng Luo , Quan Zhou , Yiqun Liu

Judicial reasoning in criminal judgments typically consists of three elements: Holding , evidentiary considerations, and subsumption. These elements form the logical foundation of judicial decision-making but remain unstructured in court…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Yu-Cheng Chih , Yong-Hao Hou