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Continual anomaly detection (CAD) addresses the need for industrial inspection systems to adapt to evolving production conditions, yet existing methods share three critical gaps: unrealistic evaluation, no systematic comparison, and no…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Chad Weatherly , Sen Lin

Visual surface anomaly detection aims to detect local image regions that significantly deviate from normal appearance. Recent surface anomaly detection methods rely on generative models to accurately reconstruct the normal areas and to fail…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-28 Vitjan Zavrtanik , Matej Kristan , Danijel Skočaj

Due to scarcity of anomaly situations in the early manufacturing stage, an unsupervised anomaly detection (UAD) approach is widely adopted which only uses normal samples for training. This approach is based on the assumption that the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-13 YeongHyeon Park , Sungho Kang , Myung Jin Kim , Yeonho Lee , Hyeong Seok Kim , Juneho Yi

Anomaly detection in industrial visual inspection is challenging due to the scarcity of defective samples. Most existing methods rely on unsupervised reconstruction using only normal data, often resulting in overfitting and poor detection…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Amirhossein Khadivi Noghredeh , Abdollah Safari , Fatemeh Ziaeetabar , Firoozeh Haghighi

Anomaly detection is crucial to the advanced identification of product defects such as incorrect parts, misaligned components, and damages in industrial manufacturing. Due to the rare observations and unknown types of defects, anomaly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-11 Jeeho Hyun , Sangyun Kim , Giyoung Jeon , Seung Hwan Kim , Kyunghoon Bae , Byung Jun Kang

PCA is a classical statistical technique whose simplicity and maturity has seen it find widespread use as an anomaly detection technique. However, it is limited in this regard by being sensitive to gross perturbations of the input, and by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-08-01 Raghavendra Chalapathy , Aditya Krishna Menon , Sanjay Chawla

Masked Autoencoders (MAE) have demonstrated promising performance in self-supervised learning for both 2D and 3D computer vision. Nevertheless, existing MAE-based methods still have certain drawbacks. Firstly, the functional decoupling…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Yang Liu , Chen Chen , Can Wang , Xulin King , Mengyuan Liu

Anomaly Detection (AD), as a critical problem, has been widely discussed. In this paper, we specialize in one specific problem, Visual Defect Detection (VDD), in many industrial applications. And in practice, defect image samples are very…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Yapeng Teng , Haoyang Li , Fuzhen Cai , Ming Shao , Siyu Xia

Representation learning seeks to expose certain aspects of observed data in a learned representation that's amenable to downstream tasks like classification. For instance, a good representation for 2D images might be one that describes only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-07 Xi Chen , Diederik P. Kingma , Tim Salimans , Yan Duan , Prafulla Dhariwal , John Schulman , Ilya Sutskever , Pieter Abbeel

Anomaly Detection (AD) defines the task of identifying observations or events that deviate from typical - or normal - patterns, a critical capability in IT security for recognizing incidents such as system misconfigurations, malware…

Existing methods of 3D cross-modal retrieval heavily lean on category distribution priors within the training set, which diminishes their efficacy when tasked with unseen categories under open-set environments. To tackle this problem, we…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Yang Xu , Yifan Feng , Yu Jiang

Unsupervised learning can leverage large-scale data sources without the need for annotations. In this context, deep learning-based autoencoders have shown great potential in detecting anomalies in medical images. However, especially…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-01-03 David Zimmerer , Simon Kohl , Jens Petersen , Fabian Isensee , Klaus Maier-Hein

Current state-of-the-art multi-class unsupervised anomaly detection (MUAD) methods rely on training encoder-decoder models to reconstruct anomaly-free features. We first show these approaches have an inherent fidelity-stability dilemma in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Xingwu Zhang , Guanxuan Li , Paul Henderson , Gerardo Aragon-Camarasa , Zijun Long

Digitalization leads to data transparency for production systems that we can benefit from with data-driven analysis methods like neural networks. For example, automated anomaly detection enables saving resources and optimizing the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Tom Hammerbacher , Markus Lange-Hegermann , Gorden Platz

In recent years, there is an increasing interests in reconstruction based generative models for image One-Class Novelty Detection, most of which only focus on image-level information. While in this paper, we further exploit the latent space…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Ge Zhang , Wangzhe Du

Time series Anomaly Detection (AD) plays a crucial role for web systems. Various web systems rely on time series data to monitor and identify anomalies in real time, as well as to initiate diagnosis and remediation procedures. Variational…

The utilization of biometric authentication with pattern images is increasingly popular in compact Internet of Things (IoT) devices. However, the reliability of such systems can be compromised by image quality issues, particularly in the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-16 Youzhi Liang , Wen Liang

Detecting anomalies in large complex systems is a critical and challenging task. The difficulties arise from several aspects. First, collecting ground truth labels or prior knowledge for anomalies is hard in real-world systems, which often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Huiling Qin , Xianyuan Zhan , Yu Zheng

Anomaly detection in videos is a significant yet challenging problem. Previous approaches based on deep neural networks employ either reconstruction-based or prediction-based approaches. Nevertheless, existing reconstruction-based methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Yizhou Wang , Can Qin , Yue Bai , Yi Xu , Xu Ma , Yun Fu

Anomaly detection is nowadays increasingly used in industrial applications and processes. One of the main fields of the appliance is the visual inspection for surface anomaly detection, which aims to spot regions that deviate from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Niccolò Ferrari , Michele Fraccaroli , Evelina Lamma