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Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) exhibit impressive performance in generative tasks but also introduce significant challenges in real-world serving due to inefficient use of the expensive, computation-optimized accelerators.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Shaoyuan Chen , Wencong Xiao , Yutong Lin , Mingxing Zhang , Yingdi Shan , Jinlei Jiang , Kang Chen , Yongwei Wu

Aligning future system design with the ever-increasing compute needs of large language models (LLMs) is undoubtedly an important problem in today's world. Here, we propose a general performance modeling methodology and workload analysis of…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Joyjit Kundu , Wenzhe Guo , Ali BanaGozar , Udari De Alwis , Sourav Sengupta , Puneet Gupta , Arindam Mallik

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various fields, from natural language understanding to text generation. Compared to non-generative LLMs like BERT and DeBERTa, generative LLMs like GPT series and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Jinhao Li , Jiaming Xu , Shan Huang , Yonghua Chen , Wen Li , Jun Liu , Yaoxiu Lian , Jiayi Pan , Li Ding , Hao Zhou , Yu Wang , Guohao Dai

While diffusion Multimodal Large Language Models (dMLLMs) have recently achieved remarkable strides in multimodal generation, the development of interpretability mechanisms has lagged behind their architectural evolution. Unlike traditional…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Haomin Zuo , Yidi Li , Luoxiao Yang , Xiaofeng Zhang

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models have emerged as the state-of-the-art paradigm for scaling up large language models (LLMs) without proportionally increased computational cost. However, its on-device deployment faces a critical challenge…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Weikai Xu , Meng Li , Shuzhang Zhong , Tianyang Luo , Dongxue Zhao , Ling Liang , Zongwei Wang , Qianqian Huang , Yimao Cai , Ru Huang

In the realm of Large Language Model (LLM) inference, the inherent structure of transformer models coupled with the multi-GPU tensor parallelism strategy leads to a sequential execution of computation and communication. This results in…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Bin Xiao , Lei Su

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become extremely potent instruments with exceptional capacities for comprehending and producing human-like text in a wide range of applications. However, the increasing size and complexity of LLMs present…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Yingbing Huang , Lily Jiaxin Wan , Hanchen Ye , Manvi Jha , Jinghua Wang , Yuhong Li , Xiaofan Zhang , Deming Chen

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across various machine learning tasks. Yet the substantial memory footprint of LLMs significantly hinders their deployment. In this paper, we improve the accessibility of…

Model quantization represents both parameters (weights) and intermediate values (activations) in a more compact format, thereby directly reducing both computational and memory cost in hardware. The quantization of recent large language…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Jianyi Cheng , Cheng Zhang , Zhewen Yu , Christos-Savvas Bouganis , George A. Constantinides , Yiren Zhao

Recent advancements in Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have greatly enhanced their proficiency in 2D visual understanding tasks, enabling them to effectively process and understand images and videos. However, the development of LMMs with 3D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Chenming Zhu , Tai Wang , Wenwei Zhang , Jiangmiao Pang , Xihui Liu

Efficient deployment of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), such as Large Language Models (LLMs), on tensor accelerators is essential for maximizing computational efficiency in modern AI systems. However, achieving this is challenging due to the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Shuao Jia , Zichao Ling , Chen Bai , Kang Zhao , Jianwang Zhai

The past several years have witnessed the success of transformer-based models, and their scale and application scenarios continue to grow aggressively. The current landscape of transformer models is increasingly diverse: the model size…

Recent breakthroughs in solving reasoning, math and coding problems with Large Language Models (LLMs) have been enabled by investing substantial computation budgets at inference time. Therefore, inference speed is one of the most critical…

Recent advances in Large Multimodal Models (LMM) have made it possible for various applications in human-machine interactions. However, developing LMMs that can comprehend, reason, and plan in complex and diverse 3D environments remains a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Sijin Chen , Xin Chen , Chi Zhang , Mingsheng Li , Gang Yu , Hao Fei , Hongyuan Zhu , Jiayuan Fan , Tao Chen

The computation and memory costs of large language models kept increasing over last decade, which reached over the scale of 1T parameters. To address the challenges from the large scale models, model compression techniques such as low-rank…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Faraz Tahmasebi , Michael Pelluer , Hyoukjun Kwon

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) that process 3D data typically rely on heavy, pre-trained visual encoders to extract geometric features. While recent 2D LMMs have begun to eliminate such encoders for efficiency and scalability, extending…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Guofeng Mei , Wei Lin , Luigi Riz , Yujiao Wu , Yiming Wang , Fabio Poiesi

Computer System Architecture serves as a crucial bridge between software applications and the underlying hardware, encompassing components like compilers, CPUs, coprocessors, and RTL designs. Its development, from early mainframes to modern…

Edge inference for large language models (LLM) offers secure, low-latency, and cost-effective inference solutions. We emphasize that an edge accelerator should achieve high area efficiency and minimize external memory access (EMA) during…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Chun-Ting Chen , HanGyeol Mun , Jian Meng , Mohamed S. Abdelfattah , Jae-sun Seo

This research paper proposes a Latent Diffusion Model for 3D (LDM3D) that generates both image and depth map data from a given text prompt, allowing users to generate RGBD images from text prompts. The LDM3D model is fine-tuned on a dataset…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Gabriela Ben Melech Stan , Diana Wofk , Scottie Fox , Alex Redden , Will Saxton , Jean Yu , Estelle Aflalo , Shao-Yen Tseng , Fabio Nonato , Matthias Muller , Vasudev Lal