English
Related papers

Related papers: Biothreat Benchmark Generation Framework for Evalu…

200 papers

Numerous math benchmarks exist to evaluate LLMs' mathematical capabilities. However, most involve extensive manual effort and are difficult to scale. Consequently, they cannot keep pace with LLM development or easily provide new instances…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Jiayu Fu , Mourad Heddaya , Chenhao Tan

Large Language Models (LLMs) are transforming scientific hypothesis generation and validation by enabling information synthesis, latent relationship discovery, and reasoning augmentation. This survey provides a structured overview of…

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems are revolutionizing fields such as medicine, drug discovery, and materials science; however, many technologists and policymakers are also concerned about the technology's risks. To date, most concrete…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Prateek Puri

Responsible AI design is increasingly seen as an imperative by both AI developers and AI compliance experts. One of the key tasks is envisioning AI technology uses and risks. Recent studies on the model and data cards reveal that AI…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Viviane Herdel , Sanja Šćepanović , Edyta Bogucka , Daniele Quercia

Large language models (LLMs) for automatic code generation have achieved breakthroughs in several programming tasks. Their advances in competition-level programming problems have made them an essential pillar of AI-assisted pair…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Hossein Hajipour , Keno Hassler , Thorsten Holz , Lea Schönherr , Mario Fritz

A biometric recognition system can operate in two distinct modes: identification or verification. In the first mode, the system recognizes an individual by searching the enrolled templates of all the users for a match. In the second mode,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Axel Durbet , Paul-Marie Grollemund , Kevin Thiry-Atighehchi

Frontier artificial intelligence (AI) systems pose increasing risks to society, making it essential for developers to provide assurances about their safety. One approach to offering such assurances is through a safety case: a structured,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Arthur Goemans , Marie Davidsen Buhl , Jonas Schuett , Tomek Korbak , Jessica Wang , Benjamin Hilton , Geoffrey Irving

As frontier AI models become more capable, evaluating their potential to enable cyberattacks is crucial for ensuring the safe development of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). Current cyber evaluation efforts are often ad-hoc, lacking…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Mikel Rodriguez , Raluca Ada Popa , Four Flynn , Lihao Liang , Allan Dafoe , Anna Wang

As AI models scale to billions of parameters and operate with increasing autonomy, ensuring their safe, reliable operation demands engineering-grade security and assurance frameworks. This paper presents an enterprise-level, risk-aware,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Krti Tallam

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is widely used to augment large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge. However, many benchmark datasets, designed to test RAG performance, comprise many questions that can already be answered…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jiayi Liu , Jiaxing Zhang , Bowen Jin , Jennifer Neville

As the capabilities of generative language models continue to advance, the implications of biases ingrained within these models have garnered increasing attention from researchers, practitioners, and the broader public. This article…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Emilio Ferrara

In the ever-evolving realm of cybersecurity, the rise of generative AI models like ChatGPT, FraudGPT, and WormGPT has introduced both innovative solutions and unprecedented challenges. This research delves into the multifaceted applications…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Polra Victor Falade

This paper explores how AI-owners can develop safeguards for AI-generated content by drawing from established codes of conduct and ethical standards in other content-creation industries. It delves into the current state of ethical awareness…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Jose Berengueres , Marybeth Sandell

The tremendous recent advances in generative artificial intelligence techniques have led to significant successes and promise in a wide range of different applications ranging from conversational agents and textual content generation to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Hossein Aboutalebi , Dayou Mao , Rongqi Fan , Carol Xu , Chris He , Alexander Wong

Jailbreak attacks cause large language models (LLMs) to generate harmful, unethical, or otherwise objectionable content. Evaluating these attacks presents a number of challenges, which the current collection of benchmarks and evaluation…

Large language models (LLMs) in biomedicine face a fundamental conflict between static parameter knowledge and the dynamic nature of clinical evidence. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) addresses this by grounding generation in external…

Other Quantitative Biology · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-19 Jiawei He , Boya Zhang , Hossein Rouhizadeh , Yingjian Chen , Rui Yang , Jin Lu , Xudong Chen , Nan Liu , Douglas Teodoro

In this fast-evolving area of LLMs, our paper discusses the significant security risk presented by prompt injection attacks. It focuses on small open-sourced models, specifically the LLaMA family of models. We introduce novel defense…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Safwan Shaheer , G. M. Refatul Islam , Mohammad Rafid Hamid , Tahsin Zaman Jilan

Responding to the rapid roll-out and large-scale commercialization of foundation models, large language models, and generative AI, an emerging body of work is shedding light on the myriad impacts these technologies are having across…

The rapid evolution of large language models (LLMs) has expanded their capabilities from basic dialogue to advanced scientific reasoning. However, existing benchmarks in biology often fail to assess a critical skill required of researchers:…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Junting Zhou , Jin Chen , Linfeng Hao , Denghui Cao , Zheyu Wang , Qiguang Chen , Chaoyou Fu , Jiaze Chen , Yuchen Wu , Ge Zhang , Mingxuan Wang , Wenhao Huang , Tong Yang

Frontier AI companies increasingly rely on external evaluations to assess risks from dangerous capabilities before deployment. However, external evaluators often receive limited model access, limited information, and little time, which can…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Jacob Charnock , Alejandro Tlaie , Kyle O'Brien , Stephen Casper , Aidan Homewood