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High-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors are widely used for the measurement of the low concentrated radioactivities. For the Super-Kamiokande-Gadolinium project, the concentration of radium in Gd$_2$(SO$_4$)$_3{\cdot}$8H$_2$O is determined…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-10-28 S. Ito , K. Ichimura , Y. Takaku , K. Abe , M. Ikeda , Y. Kishimoto

A gamma counting station based on high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector was set up for the material screening of the PandaX dark matter experiments in the China Jinping Underground Laboratory. Low background gamma rate of 2.6 counts/min…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2016-12-21 Xuming Wang , Xun Chen , Changbo Fu , Xiangdong Ji , Xiang Liu , Yajun Mao , Hongwei Wang , Siguang Wang , Pengwei Xie , Tao Zhang

This paper describes the energy scale procedures and germanium detectors performance in the LEGEND-200 experiment, a critical component for the first unblinding in the search for neutrinoless double beta decay. We detail the digital signal…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-05-25 The LEGEND Collaboration , H. Acharya , M. Agostini , A. Alexander , C. Alvarez-Garcia , V. Aures , F. T. Avignone , M. Babicz , W. Bae , M. Balata , A. S. Barabash , P. S. Barbeau , C. J. Barton , L. Baudis , C. Bauer , S. Bellman , E. Bernieri , J. P. Ulloa Beteta , L. Bezrukov , K. H. Bhimani , V. Biancacci , A. Biondi , R. Biondi , E. Blalock , P. Bongratz , S. J. Borden , G. Borghi , F. Borra , B. Bos , A. Boston , G. Botogoske , R. Bouabid , R. Brugnera , T. Bürger , N. Burlac , M. Busch , S. Calgaro , N. Canci , L. Canonica , S. Capra , M. Carminati , R. M. D. Carney , L. Carroll , C. Cattadori , R. Cesarano , Y. -D. Chan , J. R. Chapman , A. Chernogorov , P. -J. Chiu , O. Chkvorets , C. D. Christofferson , A. I. Colon-Rivera , F. Confortini , D. D'Agostino , V. D'Andrea , G. De Gregorio , R. Deckert , J. A. Detwiler , N. Di Marco , F. Di Capua , C. Di Fraia , A. Di Giacinto , D. Di Leo , T. Dixon , K. -M. Dong , A. Drobizhev , G. Duran , Yu. Efremenko , S. R. Elliott , T. Elmikawy , C. H. J. Emmanuel , E. Engelhardt , E. Esch , L. Favilla , M. Febbraro , F. Ferella , R. Feriozzi , D. E. Fields , C. Fiorini , M. Fomina , N. Fuad , R. Gala , A. Galindo-Uribarri , A. Gangapshev , A. Garfagnini , S. Gazzana , A. Geraci , L. Gessler , C. Ghiano , A. Gieb , S. Giri , A. Gogosha , M. Gold , M. P. Green , G. Grünauer , J. Gruszko , I. Guinn , V. E. Guiseppe , Y. Gurov , K. Gusev , B. Hackett , F. Hagemann , M. Haranczyk , F. Henkes , R. Henning , J. Herrera , D. Hervas Aguilar , J. Hinton , R. Hodák , H. F. R. Hoffmann , M. Huber , M. Hult , A. Iorio , U. T. Islek , A. Jany , J. Jochum , D. S. Judson , M. Junker , J. Kaizer , V. Kazalov , M. F. Kidd , T. Kihm , K. Kilgus , A. Klimenko , K. T. Knöpfle , I. Kochanek , O. Kochetov , I. Kontul , V. N. Kornoukhov , A. B. Kowaleswska , P. Krause , H. Krishnamoorthy , V. V. Kuzminov , K. Lang , M. Laubenstein , N. N. P. N. Lay , A. Leder , B. Lehnert , A. Leonhardt , N. Levashko , A. Li , L. Y. Li , Y. -R. Lin , I. Lippi , A. Love , A. Lubashevskiy , B. Lubsandorzhiev , N. Lusardi , B. Majorovits , F. Mamedov , G. G. Marshall , E. L. Martin , R. D. Martin , R. Massarczyk , A. Mazumdar , G. McDowell , D. -M. Mei , M. Menzel , S. Mertens , E. Miller , I. Mirza , M. Misiaszek , M. Morella , B. Morgan , D. Muenstermann , C. J. Nave , M. Neuberger , N. O'Briant , F. Paissan , L. Papp , K. Pelczar , L. Pertoldi , W. Pettus , F. Piastra , M. Pichotta , P. Piseri , A. W. P. Poon , P. P. Povinec , A. Pullia , W. S. Quinn , D. C. Radford , Y. A. Ramachers , A. L. Reine , S. Riboldi , E. Richards , K. Rielage , C. Romo-Luque , B. Rossi , N. Rossi , S. Rozov , N. Rumyantseva , R. Saakyan , S. Sailer , G. Salamanna , F. Salamida , G. Saleh , E. Sanchez Garcia , C. Savarese , D. C. Schaper , J. Schlegel , S. J. Schleich , L. Schlüter , S. Schönert , O. Schulz , A. -K. Schütz , M. Schwarz , M. Schweizer , B. Schwingenheuer , C. Seibt , G. Senatore , A. Serafini , K. Shakhov , E. Shevchik , H. Shi , M. Shirchenko , Y. Shitov , N. Sierig , H. Simgen , F. Šimkovic , S. Simonaitis-Boyd , M. Singh , M. Skorokhvatov , M. Slavíčková , J. A. Solomon , G. Song , A. C. Sousa , A. R. Sreekala , L. Steinhart , I. Štekl , T. Sterr , M. Stommel , R. Stroili , S. A. Sullivan , R. R. Sumathi , K. Szczepaniec , L. Taffarello , D. Tagnani , V. Tretyak , M. Turqueti , E. E. van Nieuwenhuizen , L. J. Varriano , S. Vasilyev , V. Vatsa , C. Vignoli , C. Vogl , I. Wang , A. Warren , J. N. Warren , D. Waters , S. L. Watkins , C. Wiesinger , J. F. Wilkerson , M. Willers , M. Wojcik , D. Xu , E. Yakushev , T. Ye , C. -H. Yu , V. Yumatov , D. Zinatulina , K. Zuber , G. Zuzel

Semiconductor detector fabrication technologies developed decades ago are widely employed today to produce gamma-ray detectors from large volume, single crystals of high purity Ge (HPGe). Most all of these detectors are used exclusively for…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2018-09-17 Mark Amman

The GERmanium Detector Array, GERDA, will search for neutrinoless double beta decay in 76Ge at the National Gran Sasso Laboratory of the INFN. Bare high-purity germanium detectors enriched in 76Ge will be submerged in liquid argon serving…

Rare-event searches including dark matter, coherent elastic neutrino--nucleus scattering (CE$\nu$NS), and neutrinoless double-beta decay (0$\nu\beta\beta$) require high-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors with ultralow noise, stable…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-01-15 Kunming Dong , Dongming Mei , Shasika Panamaldeniya , Anupama Karki , Patrick Burns , Sanjay Bhataarai

A high efficiency, low background counting setup has been made at TIFR consisting of a special HPGe detector ($\sim$ 70%) surrounded by a low activity copper+lead shield. Detailed measurements are performed with point and extended geometry…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2014-08-21 N. Dokania , V. Singh , S. Mathimalar , V. Nanal , S. Pal , R. G. Pillay

The performance of a 630g commercial broad energy germanium (BEGe) detector has been systematically investigated. Energy resolution, linearity, stability vs. high-voltage (HV) bias, thickness and uniformity of dead layers have been measured…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2015-03-17 M. Agostini , E. Bellotti , R. Brugnera , C. M. Cattadori , A. D'Andragora , A. di Vacri , A. Garfagnini , M. Laubenstein , L. Pandola , C. A. Ur

We report on the systematic study of a single-gas-electron-multiplication (GEM) loaded gaseous detector developed for precision measurements of high-energy particle beams and dose-verification measurements. In the present study, a…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2014-07-29 Kyong Sei Lee , Byungsik Hong , Sang Yeol Kim , Sung Keun Park

High-purity germanium (HPGe) crystals underpin some of the most sensitive detectors used in fundamental physics and other high-resolution radiation-sensing applications. Despite their importance, the supply of detector-grade HPGe remains…

Applied Physics · Physics 2026-02-04 Athul Prem , Dongming Mei , Sanjay Bhattarai , Narayan Budhathoki , Sunil Chhetri

A probability model has been presented for understanding the operation of an array of encapsulated germanium detectors generally known as composite detector. The addback mode of operation of a composite detector has been described…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2012-04-16 Ritesh Kshetri

A standard high purity germanium (HPGe) detector was used to determine the previously unknown neutron activity of a weak americium-beryllium (AmBe) neutron source. Gamma rays were created through 27Al(n,n'), 27Al(n,gamma) and 1H(n,gamma)…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2016-08-01 M. J. M. Duke , A. L. Hallin , C. B. Krauss , P. Mekarski , L. Sibley

High-purity germanium (HPGe) crystals are required to be well-characterized before being fabricated into Ge detectors. The characterization of HPGe crystals is often performed with the Hall Effect system, which measures the carrier…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-12-30 M. -S. Raut , H. Mei , D. -M. Mei , S. Bhattarai , W. -Z. Wei , R. Panda , P. Acharya , G. -J. Wang

A study of signals originating near the lithium-diffused n+ contact of p-type point contact (PPC) high purity germanium detectors (HPGe) is presented. The transition region between the active germanium and the fully dead layer of the n+…

$P$-type high-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors are widely used across many scientific domains, and current data analysis methods have served well in many use cases. However, applications like low-background experiments that search for rare…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-03-10 P. Zhang , W. Dai , Q. Zhang , F. Hagemann , O. Schulz , C. Alvarez-Garcia , L. Yang , Q. Yue , Z. Zeng , J. Cheng , H. Ma

X-rays spectroscopy experiments at synchrotron facilities were limited for many years by the maximum input-count rate and the signal-to-background ratio of germanium fluorescence detectors. These limitations are related to the germanium…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-02-23 T. Saleem , F. J. Iguaz , F. Orsini

Commercial argon contains cosmogenic $^{42}$Ar whose progeny $^{42}$K is a critical background component for the Large Enriched Germanium Experiment for Neutrinoless $\beta \beta$ Decay (LEGEND). LEGEND operates High-Purity Germanium (HPGe)…

The first true coaxial 18-fold segmented n-type HPGe prototype detector produced by Canberra-France for the GERDA neutrinoless double beta-decay project was tested both at Canberra-France and at the Max-Planck-Institut fuer Physik in…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2008-11-26 I. Abt , A. Caldwell , D. Gutknecht , K. Kröninger , M. Lampert , X. Liu , B. Majorovits , D. Quirion , F. Stelzer , P. Wendling

High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detectors have been golden standard for gamma spectrometry in Low level radioactive waste (LLW) analysis; however, their notable shortcoming is prolonged measurement durations for weak radioactive waste…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-08-05 Yanfeng Xie , Yiming Weng , Soo Hyun Byun

Monolithic active pixel sensors produced in High Voltage CMOS (HV-CMOS) technology are being considered for High Energy Physics applications due to the ease of production and the reduced costs. Such technology is especially appealing when…