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This paper explores a novel perspective to speech quality assessment by leveraging natural language descriptions, offering richer, more nuanced insights than traditional numerical scoring methods. Natural language feedback provides…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-17 Siyin Wang , Wenyi Yu , Xianzhao Chen , Xiaohai Tian , Jun Zhang , Lu Lu , Yu Tsao , Junichi Yamagishi , Yuxuan Wang , Chao Zhang

Accurate audio quality estimation is essential for developing and evaluating audio generation, retrieval, and enhancement systems. Existing non-intrusive assessment models predict a single Mean Opinion Score (MOS) for speech, merging…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-13 Yi-Cheng Lin , Jia-Hung Chen , Hung-yi Lee

Subjective listening tests remain the golden standard for speech quality assessment, but are costly, variable, and difficult to scale. In contrast, existing objective metrics, such as PESQ, F0 correlation, and DNSMOS, typically capture only…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Jiatong Shi , Hye-Jin Shim , Shinji Watanabe

This work proposes an industry-level omni-modal large language model (LLM) pipeline that integrates auditory, visual, and linguistic modalities to overcome challenges such as limited tri-modal datasets, high computational costs, and complex…

One objective of Speech Quality Assessment (SQA) is to estimate the ranks of synthetic speech systems. However, recent SQA models are typically trained using low-precision direct scores such as mean opinion scores (MOS) as the training…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-30 Cheng-Hung Hu , Yusuke Yasuda , Tomoki Toda

Over the past few decades, computational methods have been developed to estimate perceptual audio quality. These methods, also referred to as objective quality measures, are usually developed and intended for a specific application domain.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-25 Matteo Torcoli , Thorsten Kastner , Jürgen Herre

Speech quality assessment (SQA) aims to evaluate the quality of speech samples without relying on time-consuming listener questionnaires. Recent efforts have focused on training neural-based SQA models to predict the mean opinion score…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Yuto Kondo , Hirokazu Kameoka , Kou Tanaka , Takuhiro Kaneko

Evaluating speech generation still relies heavily on human judgments, such as Mean Opinion Score (MOS), which are expensive, subjective, and difficult to reproduce at scale. While a few recent studies have begun to explore AudioLLM-based…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-25 Yuanyuan Wang , Dongchao Yang , Yayue Deng , Zhiyong Wu , Yiwen Guo , Helen Meng , Xixin Wu

In recent years, we have observed a rapid advancement in speech language models (SpeechLLMs), catching up with humans' listening and reasoning abilities. SpeechLLMs have demonstrated impressive spoken dialog question-answering (SQA)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Junkai Wu , Xulin Fan , Bo-Ru Lu , Xilin Jiang , Nima Mesgarani , Mark Hasegawa-Johnson , Mari Ostendorf

As audio-first agents become increasingly common in physical AI, conversational robots, and screenless wearables, audio large language models (audio-LLMs) must integrate speaker-specific understanding to support user authorization,…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-05-15 KiHyun Nam , Jungwoo Heo , Siu Bae , Ha-Jin Yu , Joon Son Chung

PESQ and POLQA , are standards are standards for automated assessment of voice quality of speech as experienced by human beings. The predictions of those objective measures should come as close as possible to subjective quality scores as…

Sound · Computer Science 2017-08-22 Dan Elbaz , Michael Zibulevsky

Speech quality assessment is a critical process in selecting text-to-speech synthesis (TTS) or voice conversion models. Evaluation of voice synthesis can be done using objective metrics or subjective metrics. Although there are many…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Saurabh Agrawal , Raj Gohil , Gopal Kumar Agrawal , Vikram C M , Kushal Verma

Human subjective evaluation is the gold standard to evaluate speech quality optimized for human perception. Perceptual objective metrics serve as a proxy for subjective scores. The conventional and widely used metrics require a reference…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-02-12 Chandan K A Reddy , Vishak Gopal , Ross Cutler

Recent studies have augmented large language models (LLMs) with speech capabilities, leading to the development of speech language models (SpeechLMs). Earlier SpeechLMs focused on single-turn speech-based question answering (QA), where user…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Yifan Peng , Krishna C. Puvvada , Zhehuai Chen , Piotr Zelasko , He Huang , Kunal Dhawan , Ke Hu , Shinji Watanabe , Jagadeesh Balam , Boris Ginsburg

We participated in track 2 of the VoiceMOS Challenge 2024, which aimed to predict the mean opinion score (MOS) of singing samples. Our submission secured the first place among all participating teams, excluding the official baseline. In…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Yu-Fei Shi , Yang Ai , Ye-Xin Lu , Hui-Peng Du , Zhen-Hua Ling

The impact of Large Language Models (LLMs) has extended into literary domains. However, existing evaluation metrics for literature prioritize mechanical accuracy over artistic expression and tend to overrate machine translation as being…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Ran Zhang , Wei Zhao , Lieve Macken , Steffen Eger

The Audio Question Answering (AQA) task includes audio event classification, audio captioning, and open-ended reasoning. Recently, AQA has garnered attention due to the advent of Large Audio Language Models (LALMs). Current literature…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Arvind Krishna Sridhar , Yinyi Guo , Erik Visser

The quality of meeting summaries generated by natural language generation (NLG) systems is hard to measure automatically. Established metrics such as ROUGE and BERTScore have a relatively low correlation with human judgments and fail to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Frederic Kirstein , Terry Ruas , Bela Gipp

While Small Language Models (SLMs) have demonstrated promising performance on an increasingly wide array of commonsense reasoning benchmarks, current evaluation practices rely almost exclusively on the accuracy of their final answers,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Francesco Maria Molfese , Luca Moroni , Ciro Porcaro , Simone Conia , Roberto Navigli

We introduce a Depicted image Quality Assessment method (DepictQA), overcoming the constraints of traditional score-based methods. DepictQA allows for detailed, language-based, human-like evaluation of image quality by leveraging…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Zhiyuan You , Zheyuan Li , Jinjin Gu , Zhenfei Yin , Tianfan Xue , Chao Dong