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Generalization remains a challenging problem for deep reinforcement learning algorithms, which are often trained and tested on the same set of deterministic game environments. When test environments are unseen and perturbed but the nature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-06 Jerry Zikun Chen

Animal behavior and evolution can often be described by game-theoretic models. Although in many situations, the number of players is very large, their strategic interactions are usually decomposed into a sum of two-player games. Only…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2007-05-23 Dominik Kaminski , Jacek Miekisz , Marcin Zaborowski

We discuss similarities and differencies between systems of many interacting players maximizing their individual payoffs and particles minimizing their interaction energy. We analyze long-run behavior of stochastic dynamics of many…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jacek Miekisz

Reinforcement learning algorithms rely on carefully engineering environment rewards that are extrinsic to the agent. However, annotating each environment with hand-designed, dense rewards is not scalable, motivating the need for developing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-08-14 Yuri Burda , Harri Edwards , Deepak Pathak , Amos Storkey , Trevor Darrell , Alexei A. Efros

We study strategic interaction in data-driven games where players face uncertainty about payoff distributions inferred from finite samples. To model calibrated attitudes toward such uncertainty, we formulate distributionally robust games…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Bharat Gangwani , Arunesh Sinha

We consider a discrete-time nonatomic routing game with variable demand and uncertain costs. Given a routing network with single origin and destination, the cost function of each edge depends on some uncertain persistent state parameter. At…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2021-10-04 Emilien Macault , Marco Scarsini , Tristan Tomala

We study convergence rates of random-order best-response dynamics in games on networks with linear best responses and strategic substitutes. Combining formal analysis with numerical simulations we identify phenomena that lead to slow…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Wojciech Misiak , Marcin Dziubiński

We study stochastic effects on the lagging anchor dynamics, a reinforcement learning algorithm used to learn successful strategies in iterated games, which is known to converge to Nash points in the absence of noise. The dynamics is…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2012-04-20 James B. T. Sanders , Tobias Galla , Jonathan Shapiro

Starting with a group of reinforcement-learning agents we derive coupled replicator equations that describe the dynamics of collective learning in multiagent systems. We show that, although agents model their environment in a…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2009-11-07 Yuzuru Sato , James P. Crutchfield

In this tutorial, we provide an introduction to machine learning methods for finding Nash equilibria in games with large number of agents. These types of problems are important for the operations research community because of their…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-06-18 Gokce Dayanikli , Mathieu Lauriere

We introduce the topic of learning in multiagent systems. We first provide a quick introduction to the field of game theory, focusing on the equilibrium concepts of iterated dominance, and Nash equilibrium. We show some of the most relevant…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2009-09-29 Jose M. Vidal

Reinforcement learning agents tend to develop habits that are effective only under specific policies. Following an initial exploration phase where agents try out different actions, they eventually converge onto a particular policy. As this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Miguel Suau , Matthijs T. J. Spaan , Frans A. Oliehoek

Many real-life contractual relations differ completely from the clean, static model at the heart of principal-agent theory. Typically, they involve repeated strategic interactions of the principal and agent, taking place under uncertainty…

Learning algorithm design for state-based games is investigated. A heuristic uncoupled learning algorithm, which is a two memory better reply with inertia dynamics, is proposed. Under certain reasonable conditions it is proved that for any…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-09-18 Changxi Li , Yu Xing , Fenghua He , Daizhan Cheng

This paper studies the stability and convergence properties of a class of multi-agent concurrent learning (CL) algorithms with momentum and restart. Such algorithms can be integrated as part of the estimation pipelines of data-enabled…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-06-24 Daniel E. Ochoa , Muhammad U. Javed , Xudong Chen , Jorge I. Poveda

In this paper, we study inverse game theory (resp. inverse multiagent learning) in which the goal is to find parameters of a game's payoff functions for which the expected (resp. sampled) behavior is an equilibrium. We formulate these…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Denizalp Goktas , Amy Greenwald , Sadie Zhao , Alec Koppel , Sumitra Ganesh

In game-theoretic learning, several agents are simultaneously following their individual interests, so the environment is non-stationary from each player's perspective. In this context, the performance of a learning algorithm is often…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Yu-Guan Hsieh , Kimon Antonakopoulos , Panayotis Mertikopoulos

We study a multi-agent reinforcement learning dynamics, and analyze its asymptotic behavior in infinite-horizon discounted Markov potential games. We focus on the independent and decentralized setting, where players do not know the game…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Chinmay Maheshwari , Manxi Wu , Druv Pai , Shankar Sastry

Continual learning strives to ensure stability in solving previously seen tasks while demonstrating plasticity in a novel domain. Recent advances in continual learning are mostly confined to a supervised learning setting, especially in NLP…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Stella Ho , Ming Liu , Shang Gao , Longxiang Gao

Learning algorithms are often used to make decisions in sequential decision-making environments. In multi-agent settings, the decisions of each agent can affect the utilities/losses of the other agents. Therefore, if an agent is good at…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Angelos Assos , Yuval Dagan , Constantinos Daskalakis