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Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have achieved impressive success in visual understanding and reasoning, remarkably improving the performance of mathematical reasoning in a visual context. Yet, a challenging type of visual math lies in the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Yunxin Li , Baotian Hu , Haoyuan Shi , Wei Wang , Longyue Wang , Min Zhang

Geometric spatial reasoning forms the foundation of many applications in artificial intelligence, yet the ability of large language models (LLMs) to operate over geometric spatial information expressed in procedural code remains…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Shixian Luo , Zezhou Zhu , Yu Yuan , Yuncheng Yang , Lianlei Shan , Yong Wu

We introduce CHARTOM, a visual theory-of-mind benchmark designed to evaluate multimodal large language models' capability to understand and reason about misleading data visualizations though charts. CHARTOM consists of carefully designed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Shubham Bharti , Shiyun Cheng , Jihyun Rho , Jianrui Zhang , Mu Cai , Yong Jae Lee , Martina Rau , Xiaojin Zhu

Spatial reasoning remains a fundamental challenge for Vision-Language Models (VLMs), with current approaches struggling to achieve robust performance despite recent advances. We identify that this limitation stems from a critical gap:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Hongxing Li , Dingming Li , Zixuan Wang , Yuchen Yan , Hang Wu , Wenqi Zhang , Yongliang Shen , Weiming Lu , Jun Xiao , Yueting Zhuang

Diagrams represent a form of visual language that encodes abstract concepts and relationships through structured symbols and their spatial arrangements. Unlike natural images, they are inherently symbolic, and entirely artificial. They thus…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Yanpeng Sun , Shan Zhang , Wei Tang , Aotian Chen , Piotr Koniusz , Kai Zou , Yuan Xue , Anton van den Hengel

While vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated promising capabilities in reasoning and planning for embodied agents, their ability to comprehend physical phenomena, particularly within structured 3D environments, remains severely…

Recent vision-language (VL) models are powerful, but can they reliably distinguish "right" from "left"? We curate three new corpora to quantify model comprehension of such basic spatial relations. These tests isolate spatial reasoning more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Amita Kamath , Jack Hessel , Kai-Wei Chang

Analogical reasoning tests a fundamental aspect of human cognition: mapping the relation from one pair of objects to another. Existing evaluations of this ability in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) overlook the ability to compose…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Yongkang Du , Xiaohan Zou , Minhao Cheng , Lu Lin

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable progress but continue to struggle with geometric reasoning, primarily due to the perception bottleneck regarding fine-grained visual elements. While formal languages have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Peijie Wang , Ming-Liang Zhang , Jun Cao , Chao Deng , Dekang Ran , Hongda Sun , Pi Bu , Xuan Zhang , Yingyao Wang , Jun Song , Bo Zheng , Fei Yin , Cheng-Lin Liu

Evaluating and Rethinking the current landscape of Large Multimodal Models (LMMs), we observe that widely-used visual-language projection approaches (e.g., Q-former or MLP) focus on the alignment of image-text descriptions yet ignore the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Yunxin Li , Xinyu Chen , Baotian Hu , Haoyuan Shi , Min Zhang

Mathematical reasoning is critical for tasks such as precise distance and area computations, trajectory estimations, and spatial analysis in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) based remote sensing, yet current vision-language models (VLMs) have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Yue Zhou , Litong Feng , Mengcheng Lan , Xue Yang , Qingyun Li , Yiping Ke , Xue Jiang , Wayne Zhang

Despite significant advancements in Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs)' capabilities, existing pixel-grounding models operate in single-image settings, limiting their ability to perform detailed, fine-grained comparisons across multiple…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Muntasir Wahed , Kiet A. Nguyen , Adheesh Sunil Juvekar , Xinzhuo Li , Xiaona Zhou , Vedant Shah , Tianjiao Yu , Pinar Yanardag , Ismini Lourentzou

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have achieved significant progress in image and language tasks due to the strong reasoning capability of large language models (LLMs). Nevertheless, most MLLMs suffer from limited spatial reasoning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Jiajie Guo , Qingpeng Zhu , Jin Zeng , Xiaolong Wu , Changyong He , Weida Wang

Geometric problem solving constitutes a critical branch of mathematical reasoning, requiring precise analysis of shapes and spatial relationships. Current evaluations of geometric reasoning in vision-language models (VLMs) face limitations,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Yuan Feng , Yue Yang , Xiaohan He , Jiatong Zhao , Jianlong Chen , Zijun Chen , Daocheng Fu , Qi Liu , Renqiu Xia , Bo Zhang , Junchi Yan

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in applications that interact with the physical world, such as navigation, robotics, or mapping, making robust geospatial reasoning a critical capability. Despite that, LLMs' ability to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Thinh Hung Truong , Jey Han Lau , Jianzhong Qi

In cognitive science and AI, a longstanding question is whether machines learn representations that align with those of the human mind. While current models show promise, it remains an open question whether this alignment is superficial or…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-10-27 Craig Sanders , Billy Dickson , Sahaj Singh Maini , Robert Nosofsky , Zoran Tiganj

Although most current large multimodal models (LMMs) can already understand photos of natural scenes and portraits, their understanding of abstract images, e.g., charts, maps, or layouts, and visual reasoning capabilities remains quite…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Wenqi Zhang , Zhenglin Cheng , Yuanyu He , Mengna Wang , Yongliang Shen , Zeqi Tan , Guiyang Hou , Mingqian He , Yanna Ma , Weiming Lu , Yueting Zhuang

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities across a broad range of tasks but their knowledge and abilities in the geographic and geospatial domains are yet to be explored, despite potential wide-ranging…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Jonathan Roberts , Timo Lüddecke , Rehan Sheikh , Kai Han , Samuel Albanie

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have achieved impressive performance in multimodal tasks, but they still suffer from hallucinations, i.e., generating content that is grammatically accurate but inconsistent with visual inputs. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Chenxi Li , Yichen Guo , Benfang Qian , Jinhao You , Kai Tang , Yaosong Du , Zonghao Zhang , Xiande Huang

We propose Map2Thought, a framework that enables explicit and interpretable spatial reasoning for 3D VLMs. The framework is grounded in two key components: Metric Cognitive Map (Metric-CogMap) and Cognitive Chain-of-Thought (Cog-CoT).…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Xiangjun Gao , Zhensong Zhang , Dave Zhenyu Chen , Songcen Xu , Long Quan , Eduardo Pérez-Pellitero , Youngkyoon Jang