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Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) integrates external knowledge to mitigate hallucinations, yet models often generate outputs inconsistent with retrieved content. Accurate hallucination detection requires disentangling the contributions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Likun Tan , Kuan-Wei Huang , Joy Shi , Kevin Wu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become a primary technique for mitigating hallucinations in large language models (LLMs). However, incomplete knowledge extraction and insufficient understanding can still mislead LLMs to produce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Haichuan Hu , Congqing He , Xiaochen Xie , Quanjun Zhang

The Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) system based on Large language model (LLM) has made significant progress. It can effectively reduce factuality hallucinations, but faithfulness hallucinations still exist. Previous methods for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Jianpeng Hu , Yanzeng Li , Jialun Zhong , Wenfa Qi , Lei Zou

Large Language Models (LLMs)-based question answering (QA) systems play a critical role in modern AI, demonstrating strong performance across various tasks. However, LLM-generated responses often suffer from hallucinations, unfaithful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Yuqing Zhao , Ziyao Liu , Yongsen Zheng , Kwok-Yan Lam

Detecting hallucinations in large language models (LLMs) is critical for their safety in many applications. Without proper detection, these systems often provide harmful, unreliable answers. In recent years, LLMs have been actively used in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Rodion Oblovatny , Alexandra Kuleshova , Konstantin Polev , Alexey Zaytsev

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) aims to mitigate hallucinations in large language models (LLMs) by grounding responses in retrieved documents. Yet, RAG-based LLMs still hallucinate even when provided with correct and sufficient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Samuel Yeh , Sharon Li , Tanwi Mallick

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become powerful, but hallucinations remain a vital obstacle to their trustworthy use. Previous works improved the capability of hallucination detection by measuring uncertainty. But they can not explain the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yiming Huang , Junyan Zhang , Zihao Wang , Biquan Bie , Yunzhong Qiu , Xuming Hu , Yi R. Fung , Xinlei He

Concerns regarding the propensity of Large Language Models (LLMs) to produce inaccurate outputs, also known as hallucinations, have escalated. Detecting them is vital for ensuring the reliability of applications relying on LLM-generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Ernesto Quevedo , Jorge Yero , Rachel Koerner , Pablo Rivas , Tomas Cerny

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has become a main technique for alleviating hallucinations in large language models (LLMs). Despite the integration of RAG, LLMs may still present unsupported or contradictory claims to the retrieved…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-20 Cheng Niu , Yuanhao Wu , Juno Zhu , Siliang Xu , Kashun Shum , Randy Zhong , Juntong Song , Tong Zhang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) aims to reduce hallucination by grounding answers in retrieved evidence, yet hallucinated answers remain common even when relevant documents are available. Existing evaluations focus on answer-level or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Passant Elchafei , Monorama Swain , Shahed Masoudian , Markus Schedl

Hallucinations of vision-language models (VLMs), which are misalignments between visual content and generated text, undermine the reliability of VLMs. One common approach for detecting them employs the same VLM, or a different one, to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Ofir Azachi , Kfir Eliyahu , Eyal El Ani , Rom Himelstein , Roi Reichart , Yuval Pinter , Nitay Calderon

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) models are designed to incorporate external knowledge, reducing hallucinations caused by insufficient parametric (internal) knowledge. However, even with accurate and relevant retrieved content, RAG…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Zhongxiang Sun , Xiaoxue Zang , Kai Zheng , Yang Song , Jun Xu , Xiao Zhang , Weijie Yu , Yang Song , Han Li

Hallucinations in Large Language Model (LLM) outputs for Question Answering (QA) tasks can critically undermine their real-world reliability. This paper introduces a methodology for robust, one-shot hallucination detection, specifically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Charles Moslonka , Hicham Randrianarivo , Arthur Garnier , Emmanuel Malherbe

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive generative capabilities across diverse tasks but remain susceptible to hallucinations, confidently generated yet factually incorrect outputs. We introduce a reference-free,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Keshav Kumar

Large Language Models (LLMs) hallucinate, and detecting these cases is key to ensuring trust. While many approaches address hallucination detection at the response or span level, recent work explores token-level detection, enabling more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Jakob Snel , Seong Joon Oh

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) systems remain vulnerable to hallucinated answers despite incorporating external knowledge sources. We present LettuceDetect a framework that addresses two critical limitations in existing hallucination…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Ádám Kovács , Gábor Recski

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) improves large language models (LLMs) by using external knowledge to guide response generation, reducing hallucinations. However, RAG, particularly multi-modal RAG, can introduce new hallucination…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Matin Mortaheb , Mohammad A. Amir Khojastepour , Srimat T. Chakradhar , Sennur Ulukus

Hallucination, i.e., generating factually incorrect content, remains a critical challenge for large language models (LLMs). We introduce TOHA, a TOpology-based HAllucination detector in the RAG setting, which leverages a topological…

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) improves the factuality of large language models (LLMs) by grounding outputs in retrieved evidence, but faithfulness failures, where generations contradict or extend beyond the provided sources, remain a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Guangzhi Xiong , Zhenghao He , Bohan Liu , Sanchit Sinha , Aidong Zhang

The increasing use of large language models (LLMs) in causal discovery as a substitute for human domain experts highlights the need for optimal model selection. This paper presents the first hallucination survey of popular LLMs for causal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Grace Sng , Yanming Zhang , Klaus Mueller
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