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Given a category with a bifunctor and natural isomorphisms for associativity, commutativity and left and right identity we do not assume that extra constraining diagrams hold. We introduce groupoids of coupling trees to describe a version…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 W. P. Joyce

We use the computational power of rational homotopy theory to provide an explicit cochain model for the loop product and the string bracket of a 1-connected closed manifold M. We prove that the loop homology of M is isomorphic to the…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Yves Felix , Jean-Claude Thomas , Micheline Vigue-Poirrier

One goal of applied category theory is to better understand networks appearing throughout science and engineering. Here we introduce "structured cospans" as a way to study networks with inputs and outputs. Given a functor $L \colon…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2020-11-11 John C. Baez , Kenny Courser

It is common to encounter symmetric monoidal categories $\mathcal{C}$ for which every object is equipped with an algebraic structure, in a way that is compatible with the monoidal product and unit in $\mathcal{C}$. We define this formally…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2020-05-06 Brendan Fong , David I Spivak

Layered monoidal theories provide a categorical framework for studying scientific theories at different levels of abstraction, via string diagrammatic algebra. We introduce models for three closely related classes of layered monoidal…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2026-02-27 Leo Lobski , Fabio Zanasi

We develop the theory of (op)fibrations of 2-multicategories and use it to define abstract six-functor-formalisms. We also give axioms for Wirthm\"uller and Grothendieck formalisms (where either $f^!=f^*$ or $f_!=f_*$) or intermediate…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2017-03-01 Fritz Hörmann

This thesis develops the translation between category theory and computational linguistics as a foundation for natural language processing. The three chapters deal with syntax, semantics and pragmatics. First, string diagrams provide a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-14 Giovanni de Felice

When designing plans in engineering, it is often necessary to consider attributes associated to objects, e.g. the location of a robot. Our aim in this paper is to incorporate attributes into existing categorical formalisms for planning,…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2021-01-27 Spencer Breiner , John S. Nolan

Constructions of spectra from symmetric monoidal categories are typically functorial with respect to strict structure-preserving maps, but often the maps of interest are merely lax monoidal. We describe conditions under which one can…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2017-09-26 Nick Gurski , Niles Johnson , Angélica M. Osorno

The data for many useful bidirectional constructions in applied category theory (optics, learners, games, quantum combs) can be expressed in terms of diagrams containing "holes" or "incomplete parts", sometimes known as comb diagrams. We…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-03-16 Mario Román

In this paper we give an expository account of quasistrict symmetric monoidal 2-categories, as introduced by Schommer-Pries. We reformulate the definition using a graphical calculus called wire diagrams, which facilitates computations and…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2014-09-09 Bruce Bartlett

String diagrams provide a convenient graphical framework which may be used for equational reasoning about morphisms of monoidal categories. However, unlike term rewriting, rewriting string diagrams results in shorter equational proofs,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-05-23 Vladimir Nikolaev Zamdzhiev

We present a general homotopical analysis of structured diagram spaces and discuss the relation to symmetric spectra. The main motivating examples are the I-spaces, which are diagrams indexed by finite sets and injections, and J-spaces,…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2012-08-29 Steffen Sagave , Christian Schlichtkrull

We discuss the foundations of 2-dimensional graphical languages, with a view towards their computer implementation in a 'compiler' for monoidal categories. In particular, we discuss the close relationship between string diagrams, pasting…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2019-08-29 Jules Hedges , Jelle Herold

Usually a name of the category is inherited from the name of objects. However more relevant for a category of objects and morphisms is an algebra of morphisms. Therefore we prefer to say a category of graphs if every morphism is a graph. In…

Logic · Mathematics 2011-03-29 Maria Ernestina Chavez Rodriguez , Zbigniew Oziewicz

A string diagram is a two-dimensional graphical representation that can be described as a one-dimensional term generated from a set of primitives using sequential and parallel compositions. Since different syntactic terms may represent the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Julie Cailler , Noé Delorme , Simon Perdrix , Sophie Tourret

We extend the theory of formal languages in monoidal categories to the multi-sorted, symmetric case, and show how this theory permits a graphical treatment of topics in concurrency. In particular, we show that Mazurkiewicz trace languages…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-29 Matthew Earnshaw , Paweł Sobociński

String diagrams are a powerful and intuitive graphical syntax for terms of symmetric monoidal categories (SMCs). They find many applications in computer science and are becoming increasingly relevant in other fields such as physics and…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2016-12-01 Filippo Bonchi , Fabio Gadducci , Aleks Kissinger , Pawel Sobocinski , Fabio Zanasi

This work contributes to clarifying several relationships between certain higher categorical structures and the homotopy type of their classifying spaces. Bicategories (in particular monoidal categories) have well understood simple…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2010-06-28 P. Carrasco , A. M. Cegarra , A. R. Garzón

Diagrammatically speaking, grammatical calculi such as pregroups provide wires between words in order to elucidate their interactions, and this enables one to verify grammatical correctness of phrases and sentences. In this paper we also…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Bob Coecke , Vincent Wang