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Generative machine learning models for exploring chemical space have shown immense promise, but many molecules they generate are too difficult to synthesize, making them impractical for further investigation or development. In this work, we…

Molecular property prediction is a crucial foundation for drug discovery. In recent years, pre-trained deep learning models have been widely applied to this task. Some approaches that incorporate prior biological domain knowledge into the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Tianyu Zhang , Yuxiang Ren , Chengbin Hou , Hairong Lv , Xuegong Zhang

Language models are revolutionizing the biochemistry domain, assisting scientists in drug design and chemical synthesis with high efficiency. Yet current approaches struggle between small language models prone to hallucination and limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Hao Li , He Cao , Shenyao Peng , Zijing Liu , Bin Feng , Yu Wang , Zhiyuan Yan , Yonghong Tian , Yu Li , Li Yuan

Understanding and predicting the properties of inorganic materials is crucial for accelerating advancements in materials science and driving applications in energy, electronics, and beyond. Integrating material structure data with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Yingheng Tang , Wenbin Xu , Jie Cao , Weilu Gao , Steve Farrell , Benjamin Erichson , Michael W. Mahoney , Andy Nonaka , Zhi Yao

Multimodal language models (MLLMs) require large parameter capacity to align high-dimensional visual features with linguistic representations, making them computationally heavy and difficult to deploy efficiently. We introduce a progressive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Jawad Ibn Ahad , Maisha Rahman , Amrijit Biswas , Muhammad Rafsan Kabir , Robin Krambroeckers , Sifat Momen , Nabeel Mohammed , Shafin Rahman

Chemical databases store information in text representations, and the SMILES format is a universal standard used in many cheminformatics software. Encoded in each SMILES string is structural information that can be used to predict complex…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-08-16 Garrett B. Goh , Nathan O. Hodas , Charles Siegel , Abhinav Vishnu

The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence in drug discovery encounters challenges with generalization and extensive training, yet Large Language Models (LLMs) offer promise in reshaping interactions with complex molecular data. Our…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-12-20 He Cao , Zijing Liu , Xingyu Lu , Yuan Yao , Yu Li

One of the current trends in robotics is to employ large language models (LLMs) to provide non-predefined command execution and natural human-robot interaction. It is useful to have an environment map together with its language…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Evgenii Kruzhkov , Sven Behnke

We propose a method to create document representations that reflect their internal structure. We modify Tree-LSTMs to hierarchically merge basic elements such as words and sentences into blocks of increasing complexity. Our Structure…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Khalil Mrini , Claudiu Musat , Michael Baeriswyl , Martin Jaggi

Precision oncology is currently limited by the small-N, large-P paradox, where high-dimensional genomic data is abundant but pharmacological response samples are sparse. While deep learning achieves predictive accuracy, it frequently fails…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-11 Christopher Baker , Karen Rafferty , Hui Wang

The detailed analysis of molecular structures and properties holds great potential for drug development discovery through machine learning. Developing an emergent property in the model to understand molecules would broaden the horizons for…

The predictive accuracy of Machine Learning (ML) models of molecular properties depends on the choice of the molecular representation. Based on the postulates of quantum mechanics, we introduce a hierarchy of representations which meet…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2016-11-23 Bing Huang , O. Anatole von Lilienfeld

Language models demonstrate fundamental abilities in syntax, semantics, and reasoning, though their performance often depends significantly on the inputs they process. This study introduces TSIS (Simplified TSID) and its variants:TSISD…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Juan-Ni Wu , Tong Wang , Li-Juan Tang , Hai-Long Wu , Ru-Qin Yu

Large language models (LLMs) are widely applied in various natural language processing tasks such as question answering and machine translation. However, due to the lack of labeled data and the difficulty of manual annotation for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Xuan Lin , Long Chen , Yile Wang , Yangyang Chen , Xiangxiang Zeng

Current benchmarks for evaluating the chemical reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) are limited by oversimplified tasks, lack of process-level evaluation, and misalignment with expert-level chemistry skills. To address…

Large Language Models (LLMs) with their strong task-handling capabilities have shown remarkable advancements across a spectrum of fields, moving beyond natural language understanding. However, their proficiency within the chemistry domain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Khiem Le , Zhichun Guo , Kaiwen Dong , Xiaobao Huang , Bozhao Nan , Roshni Iyer , Xiangliang Zhang , Olaf Wiest , Wei Wang , Ting Hua , Nitesh V. Chawla

Optimization modeling underpins decision-making in logistics, manufacturing, energy, and finance, yet translating natural-language requirements into correct optimization formulations and solver-executable code remains labor-intensive.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Zhong Li , Hongliang Lu , Tao Wei , Yuxuan Chen , Wenyu Liu , Yuan Lan , Fan Zhang , Zaiwen Wen

Deep learning is now widely used in drug discovery, providing significant acceleration and cost reduction. As the most fundamental building block, molecular representation is essential for predicting molecular properties to enable various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Haoqiang Guo , Sendong Zhao , Haochun Wang , Yanrui Du , Bing Qin

Developing robust representations of chemical structures that enable models to learn topological inductive biases is challenging. In this manuscript, we present a representation of atomistic systems. We begin by proving that our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Rahul Khorana , Marcus Noack , Jin Qian

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable potential in scientific research, particularly in chemistry-related tasks such as molecular design, reaction prediction, and property estimation. While tool-augmented LLMs have been…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Zhucong Li , Jin Xiao , Bowei Zhang , Zhijian Zhou , Qianyu He , Fenglei Cao , Jiaqing Liang , Yuan Qi