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Retrosynthesis prediction is fundamental to drug discovery and chemical synthesis, requiring the identification of reactants that can produce a target molecule. Current template-free methods struggle to capture the structural invariance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Jiaxi Zhuang , Yu Zhang , Aimin Zhou , Ying Qian

We present a modular framework powered by large language models (LLMs) that automates and streamlines key tasks across the early-stage computational drug discovery pipeline. By combining LLM reasoning with domain-specific tools, the…

We address the task of controlled generation of small molecules, which entails finding novel molecules with desired properties under certain constraints (e.g., similarity to a reference molecule). Here we introduce MolMIM, a probabilistic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-31 Danny Reidenbach , Micha Livne , Rajesh K. Ilango , Michelle Gill , Johnny Israeli

In recent years, artificial intelligence has played an important role on accelerating the whole process of drug discovery. Various of molecular representation schemes of different modals (e.g. textual sequence or graph) are developed. By…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Tianyu Wu , Yang Tang , Qiyu Sun , Luolin Xiong

Chemical large language models (LLMs) predominantly rely on explicit Chain-of-Thought (CoT) in natural language to perform complex reasoning. However, chemical reasoning is inherently continuous and structural, and forcing it into discrete…

Machine learning (ML) offers considerable promise for the design of new molecules and materials. In real-world applications, the design problem is often domain-specific, and suffers from insufficient data, particularly labeled data, for ML…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-02-04 Ming Han , Ge Sun , Juan J. de Pablo

This study investigates the internal representations of verb-particle combinations within transformer-based large language models (LLMs), specifically examining how these models capture lexical and syntactic nuances at different neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Hassane Kissane , Achim Schilling , Patrick Krauss

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated transformative potential across diverse fields. While LLMs have been applied to molecular simplified molecular input line entry system (SMILES) in computer-aided synthesis…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Kenan Li , Yijian Zhang , Jin Wang , Haipeng Gan , Zeying Sun , Xiaoguang Lei , Hao Dong

Accurate and efficient prediction of polymer properties is of key importance for polymer design. Traditional experimental tools and density function theory (DFT)-based simulations for polymer property evaluation, are both expensive and…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-10-08 Cong Shen , Yipeng Zhang , Fei Han , Kelin Xia

Machine learning (ML) methods are being used in almost every conceivable area of electronic structure theory and molecular simulation. In particular, ML has become firmly established in the construction of high-dimensional interatomic…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2021-06-22 Julia Westermayr , Michael Gastegger , Kristof T. Schütt , Reinhard J. Maurer

A novel framework for designing the molecular structure of chemical compounds with a desired chemical property has recently been proposed. The framework infers a desired chemical graph by solving a mixed integer linear program (MILP) that…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Jianshen Zhu , Naveed Ahmed Azam , Kazuya Haraguchi , Liang Zhao , Hiroshi Nagamochi , Tatsuya Akutsu

This work presents an ontology-integrated large language model (LLM) framework for chemical engineering that unites structured domain knowledge with generative reasoning. The proposed pipeline aligns model training and inference with the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Crystal Su , Kuai Yu , Jingrui Zhang , Mingyuan Shao , Daniel Bauer

Descriptor generation methods using latent representations of encoder$-$decoder (ED) models with SMILES as input are useful because of the continuity of descriptor and restorability to the structure. However, it is not clear how the…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2023-04-14 Shumpei Nemoto , Tadahaya Mizuno , Hiroyuki Kusuhara

Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is a crucial technique in molecular polarity analysis. Despite its importance, the interpretability of predictive models for TLC, especially those driven by artificial intelligence, remains a challenge.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-26 Siyu Lou , Chengchun Liu , Yuntian Chen , Fanyang Mo

Polymers are diverse and versatile materials that have met a wide range of material application demands. They come in several flavors and architectures, e.g., homopolymers, copolymers, polymer blends, and polymers with additives. Searching…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-11-05 Shivank S. Shukla , Christopher Kuenneth , Rampi Ramprasad

Predicting molecular properties is a critical component of drug discovery. Recent advances in deep learning, particularly Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), have enabled end-to-end learning from molecular structures, reducing reliance on manual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Peng Zhou , Lai Hou Tim , Zhixiang Cheng , Kun Xie , Chaoyi Li , Wei Liu , Xiangxiang Zeng

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various tasks. However, their widespread application is hindered by the resource-intensive decoding process. To address this challenge, current approaches have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Ziqian Zeng , Jiahong Yu , Qianshi Pang , Zihao Wang , Huiping Zhuang , Hongen Shao , Xiaofeng Zou

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved significant success in natural language processing (NLP) and various interdisciplinary areas. However, applying LLMs to chemistry is a complex task that requires specialized domain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Chang Liao , Yemin Yu , Yu Mei , Ying Wei

Molecular representation learning is pivotal for various molecular property prediction tasks related to drug discovery. Robust and accurate benchmarks are essential for refining and validating current methods. Existing molecular property…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2024-06-27 Shikun Feng , Jiaxin Zheng , Yinjun Jia , Yanwen Huang , Fengfeng Zhou , Wei-Ying Ma , Yanyan Lan

Polymers are candidate materials for a wide range of sustainability applications such as carbon capture and energy storage. However, computational polymer discovery lacks automated analysis of reaction pathways and stability assessment…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2023-10-18 Brenda S. Ferrari , Matteo Manica , Ronaldo Giro , Teodoro Laino , Mathias B. Steiner
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