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The human insulin-glucose metabolism is a time-varying process, which is partly caused by the changing insulin sensitivity of the body. This insulin sensitivity follows a circadian rhythm and its effects should be anticipated by any…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-29 Lukas Ortmann , Dawei Shi , Eyal Dassau , Francis J. Doyle , Berno J. E. Misgeld , Steffen Leonhardt

Automated Insulin Delivery (AID) systems represent a significant advancement in diabetes care and wearable physiological closed-loop control technologies, integrating continuous glucose monitoring, control algorithms, and insulin pumps to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yuchen Niu , Siew-Kei Lam

We present the design and \textit{in-silico} evaluation of a closed-loop insulin delivery algorithm to treat type 1 diabetes (T1D) consisting in a data-driven multi-step-ahead blood glucose (BG) predictor integrated into a Linear…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-25 Eleonora Maria Aiello , Mehrad Jaloli , Marzia Cescon

People with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) require regular exogenous infusion of insulin to maintain their blood glucose concentration in a therapeutically adequate target range. Although the artificial pancreas and continuous glucose monitoring…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-08 Taiyu Zhu , Kezhi Li , Pau Herrero , Pantelis Georgiou

Data-driven models for glucose level forecast often do not provide meaningful insights despite accurate predictions. Yet, context understanding in medicine is crucial, in particular for diabetes management. In this paper, we introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Quentin Blampey , Mehdi Rahim

The growing worldwide incidence of diabetes requires more effective approaches for managing blood glucose levels. Insulin delivery systems have advanced significantly, with artificial intelligence (AI) playing a key role in improving their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Maria Panagiotou , Knut Stroemmen , Lorenzo Brigato , Bastiaan E. de Galan , Stavroula Mougiakakou

Effective management of Type 1 Diabetes requires continuous glucose monitoring and precise insulin adjustments to prevent hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. With the growing adoption of wearable glucose monitors and mobile health applications,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Giorgia Rigamonti , Mirko Paolo Barbato , Davide Marelli , Paolo Napoletano

Despite recent advances in insulin preparations and technology, adjusting insulin remains an ongoing challenge for the majority of people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and longstanding type 2 diabetes (T2D). In this study, we propose the…

Due to the sensitive nature of diabetes-related data, preventing them from being shared between studies, progress in the field of glucose prediction is hard to assess. To address this issue, we present GLYFE (GLYcemia Forecasting…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-30 Maxime De Bois , Mehdi Ammi , Mounîm A. El Yacoubi

People living with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) lose the ability to produce insulin naturally. To compensate, they inject synthetic insulin. One common way to inject insulin is through automated insulin delivery systems, which use sensors to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Samuel T. King

People with diabetes need insulin delivery to effectively manage their blood glucose levels, especially after meals, because their bodies either do not produce enough insulin or cannot fully utilize it. Accurate insulin delivery starts with…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-21 Hanyu Zeng , Hui Ji , Pengfei Zhou

High quality real world datasets are essential for advancing data driven approaches in type 1 diabetes (T1D) management, including personalized therapy design, digital twin systems, and glucose prediction models. However, progress in this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Saman Khamesian , Asiful Arefeen , Bithika M. Thompson , Maria Adela Grando , Hassan Ghasemzadeh

Current closed-loop insulin delivery algorithms need to be informed of carbohydrate intake disturbances. This can be a burden on people using these systems. Pramlintide is a hormone that delays gastric emptying, which enables insulin…

AI procedures joined with wearable gadgets can convey exact transient blood glucose level forecast models. Also, such models can learn customized glucose-insulin elements dependent on the sensor information gathered by observing a few parts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-22 Ignacio Rodriguez

We develop a new model of insulin-glucose dynamics for forecasting blood glucose in type 1 diabetics. We augment an existing biomedical model by introducing time-varying dynamics driven by a machine learning sequence model. Our model…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-08-10 Andrew C. Miller , Nicholas J. Foti , Emily Fox

Calculating mealtime insulin doses poses a significant challenge for individuals with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). Doses should perfectly compensate for expected post-meal glucose excursions, requiring a profound understanding of the individual's…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-06-24 Anas El Fathi , Elliott Pryor , Marc D. Breton

We present GlucOS, a novel system for trustworthy automated insulin delivery. Fundamentally, this paper is about a system we designed, implemented, and deployed on real humans and the lessons learned from our experiences. GlucOS introduces…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Hari Venugopalan , Shreyas Madhav Ambattur Vijayanand , Caleb Stanford , Stephanie Crossen , Samuel T. King

While the Artificial Pancreas is effective in regulating the blood glucose in the safe range of 70-180 mg/dl in type 1 diabetic patients, the high intra-patient variability, as well as exogenous meal disturbances, poses a serious challenge.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-30 Bhabani Shankar Dey , Anirudh Nath , Abhilash Patel , Indra Narayan Kar

In this paper we investigate the use of model-based reinforcement learning to assist people with Type 1 Diabetes with insulin dose decisions. The proposed architecture consists of multiple Echo State Networks to predict blood glucose levels…

Type 1 Diabetes is a chronic autoimmune condition in which the immune system attacks and destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, resulting in little to no insulin production. Insulin helps glucose in your blood enter your…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-02-04 Soon Jynn Chu , Nalaka Amarasiri , Sandesh Giri , Priyata Kafle
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