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Embodied intelligence systems, which enhance agent capabilities through continuous environment interactions, have garnered significant attention from both academia and industry. Vision-Language-Action models, inspired by advancements in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Haoran Li , Yuhui Chen , Wenbo Cui , Weiheng Liu , Kai Liu , Mingcai Zhou , Zhengtao Zhang , Dongbin Zhao

Robot learning approaches such as behavior cloning and reinforcement learning have shown great promise in synthesizing robot skills from human demonstrations in specific environments. However, these approaches often require task-specific…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Arthur Bucker , Pablo Ortega-Kral , Jonathan Francis , Jean Oh

We build a virtual agent for learning language in a 2D maze-like world. The agent sees images of the surrounding environment, listens to a virtual teacher, and takes actions to receive rewards. It interactively learns the teacher's language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-15 Haonan Yu , Haichao Zhang , Wei Xu

Embodied Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance and generalization in robotics, particularly within Vision-Language-Action frameworks. However, a significant gap remains between the high-level semantic focus…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Ruowen Zhao , Bangguo Li , Zuyan Liu , Yinan Liang , Junliang Ye , Fangfu Liu , Diankun Wu , Zhengyi Wang , Xumin Yu , Yongming Rao , Han Hu , Jun Zhu

To cooperate with humans effectively, virtual agents need to be able to understand and execute language instructions. A typical setup to achieve this is with a scripted teacher which guides a virtual agent using language instructions.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-15 Mathijs Mul , Diane Bouchacourt , Elia Bruni

Recent vision-language-action (VLA) models rely on 2D inputs, lacking integration with the broader realm of the 3D physical world. Furthermore, they perform action prediction by learning a direct mapping from perception to action,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Haoyu Zhen , Xiaowen Qiu , Peihao Chen , Jincheng Yang , Xin Yan , Yilun Du , Yining Hong , Chuang Gan

With the power of large language models (LLMs), open-ended embodied agents can flexibly understand human instructions, generate interpretable guidance strategies, and output executable actions. Nowadays, Multi-modal Language Models~(MLMs)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Zhonghan Zhao , Ke Ma , Wenhao Chai , Xuan Wang , Kewei Chen , Dongxu Guo , Yanting Zhang , Hongwei Wang , Gaoang Wang

Recent advances in artificial intelligence have been driven by the presence of increasingly realistic and complex simulated environments. However, many of the existing environments provide either unrealistic visuals, inaccurate physics, low…

The development of embodied agents that can communicate with humans in natural language has gained increasing interest over the last years, as it facilitates the diffusion of robotic platforms in human-populated environments. As a step…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Roberto Bigazzi , Marcella Cornia , Silvia Cascianelli , Lorenzo Baraldi , Rita Cucchiara

We introduce Ella, an embodied social agent capable of lifelong learning within a community in a 3D open world, where agents accumulate experiences and acquire knowledge through everyday visual observations and social interactions. At the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Hongxin Zhang , Zheyuan Zhang , Zeyuan Wang , Zunzhe Zhang , Lixing Fang , Qinhong Zhou , Chuang Gan

Robots excel in performing repetitive and precision-sensitive tasks in controlled environments such as warehouses and factories, but have not been yet extended to embodied AI agents providing assistance in household tasks. Inspired by the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-15 Ziang Liu , Roberto Martín-Martín , Fei Xia , Jiajun Wu , Li Fei-Fei

Building a general-purpose intelligent home-assistant agent skilled in diverse tasks by human commands is a long-term blueprint of embodied AI research, which poses requirements on task planning, environment modeling, and object…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Xinyu Xu , Shengcheng Luo , Yanchao Yang , Yong-Lu Li , Cewu Lu

We propose Embodied AI as the next fundamental step in the pursuit of Artificial General Intelligence, juxtaposing it against current AI advancements, particularly Large Language Models. We traverse the evolution of the embodiment concept…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Giuseppe Paolo , Jonas Gonzalez-Billandon , Balázs Kégl

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have achieved notable success but often struggle with limited generalizations. To address this, integrating generalized Vision-Language Models (VLMs) as assistants to VLAs has emerged as a popular…

Delivering intelligent and adaptive navigation assistance in augmented reality (AR) requires more than visual cues, as it demands systems capable of interpreting flexible user intent and reasoning over both spatial and semantic context.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Hsuan-Kung Yang , Tsu-Ching Hsiao , Ryoichiro Oka , Ryuya Nishino , Satoko Tofukuji , Norimasa Kobori

Embodied AI requires agents that perceive, act, and anticipate how actions reshape future world states. World models serve as internal simulators that capture environment dynamics, enabling forward and counterfactual rollouts to support…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Xinqing Li , Xin He , Le Zhang , Min Wu , Xiaoli Li , Yun Liu

Real-world data collection for embodied agents remains costly and unsafe, calling for scalable, realistic, and simulator-ready 3D environments. However, existing scene-generation systems often rely on rule-based or task-specific pipelines,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Hongchi Xia , Xuan Li , Zhaoshuo Li , Qianli Ma , Jiashu Xu , Ming-Yu Liu , Yin Cui , Tsung-Yi Lin , Wei-Chiu Ma , Shenlong Wang , Shuran Song , Fangyin Wei

In recent years videogame companies have recognized the role of player engagement as a major factor in user experience and enjoyment. This encouraged a greater investment in new types of game controllers such as the WiiMote, Rock Band…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2013-02-18 Luís Filipe Teófilo , Pedro Alves Nogueira , Pedro Brandão Silva

Building generalizable goal-conditioned agents from rich observations is a key to reinforcement learning (RL) solving real world problems. Traditionally in goal-conditioned RL, an agent is provided with the exact goal they intend to reach.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Philippe Hansen-Estruch , Amy Zhang , Ashvin Nair , Patrick Yin , Sergey Levine

This thesis introduces "Embodied Spatial Intelligence" to address the challenge of creating robots that can perceive and act in the real world based on natural language instructions. To bridge the gap between Large Language Models (LLMs)…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Jiading Fang