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Large language model (LLM) inference serving systems are essential to various LLM-based applications. As demand for LLM services continues to grow, scaling these systems to handle high request rates while meeting latency Service-Level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Shihong Gao , Xin Zhang , Yanyan Shen , Lei Chen

Large language models (LLMs) power a new generation of interactive AI applications exemplified by ChatGPT. The interactive nature of these applications demands low latency for LLM inference. Existing LLM serving systems use…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Bingyang Wu , Yinmin Zhong , Zili Zhang , Shengyu Liu , Fangyue Liu , Yuanhang Sun , Gang Huang , Xuanzhe Liu , Xin Jin

Large Language Models (LLMs) play a critical role in emerging agentic applications, where the timely completion of each entire inference is critical. Meanwhile, agentic LLM inferences are increasingly served on heterogeneous GPUs in…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Boxiao Du , Boning Huangfu , Yizhou Luo , Chen Chen , Zijun Li , Minchen Yu , Xiaoyi Fan , Minyi Guo

Augmented Large Language Models (LLMs) enhance the capabilities of standalone LLMs by integrating external data sources through API calls. In interactive LLM applications, efficient scheduling is crucial for maintaining low request…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Rana Shahout , Cong Liang , Shiji Xin , Qianru Lao , Yong Cui , Minlan Yu , Michael Mitzenmacher

Large Language Models (LLMs) represent a revolutionary advancement in the contemporary landscape of artificial general intelligence (AGI). As exemplified by ChatGPT, LLM-based applications necessitate minimal response latency and maximal…

Performance · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Youpeng Zhao , Jun Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized applications such as code completion, chatbots, and online classification. To elevate user experiences, service level objectives (SLOs) serve as crucial benchmarks for assessing inference…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Jinqi Huang , Yi Xiong , Xuebing Yu , Wenjie Huang , Entong Li , Li Zeng , Xin Chen

The rapid growth of generative AI and its integration into everyday workflows have significantly increased the demand for large language model (LLM) inference services. While proprietary models remain popular, recent advancements in…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Linyu Wu , Xiaoyuan Liu , Tianneng Shi , Zhe Ye , Dawn Song

In the context of Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) clouds, the extensive use of Large Language Models (LLMs) often requires efficient management of significant query loads. When providing real-time inference services, several…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Yiyuan He , Minxian Xu , Jingfeng Wu , Wanyi Zheng , Kejiang Ye , Chengzhong Xu

The use of Large Language Models (LLMs) for querying relational data has given rise to relQuery, a workload pattern that applies templated LLM calls to structured tables. As relQuery services become more widely adopted in applications such…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Xin Zhang , Shihong Gao , Yanyan Shen , Haoyang Li , Lei Chen

Large language models are increasingly integrated with external environments, tools, and agents like ChatGPT plugins to extend their capability beyond language-centric tasks. However, today's LLM inference systems are designed for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Reyna Abhyankar , Zijian He , Vikranth Srivatsa , Hao Zhang , Yiying Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have become increasingly popular in various areas, traditional business gradually shifting from rule-based systems to LLM-based solutions. However, the inference of LLMs is resource-intensive or…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Wanyi Zheng , Minxian Xu , Shengye Song , Kejiang Ye

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into applications ranging from interactive chatbots to multi-agent systems has introduced a wide spectrum of service-level objectives (SLOs) for responsiveness. These include latency-sensitive…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Wei Zhang , Zhiyu Wu , Yi Mu , Rui Ning , Banruo Liu , Nikhil Sarda , Myungjin Lee , Fan Lai

Global cloud service providers handle inference workloads for Large Language Models (LLMs) that span latency-sensitive (e.g., chatbots) and insensitive (e.g., report writing) tasks, resulting in diverse and often conflicting Service Level…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Shashwat Jaiswal , Kunal Jain , Yogesh Simmhan , Anjaly Parayil , Ankur Mallick , Rujia Wang , Renee St. Amant , Chetan Bansal , Victor Rühle , Anoop Kulkarni , Steve Kofsky , Saravan Rajmohan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across a wide range of tasks, but serving them efficiently at scale remains a critical challenge due to their substantial computational and latency demands. While most existing…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Yifan Sun , Gholamreza Haffari , Minxian Xu , Rajkumar Buyya , Adel N. Toosi

Recent developments in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated their remarkable proficiency in a range of tasks. Compared to in-house homogeneous GPU clusters, deploying LLMs in cloud environments with diverse types of GPUs is…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Youhe Jiang , Fangcheng Fu , Xiaozhe Yao , Taiyi Wang , Bin Cui , Ana Klimovic , Eiko Yoneki

Nowadays, many companies possess various types of AI accelerators, forming heterogeneous clusters. Efficiently leveraging these clusters for high-throughput large language model (LLM) inference services can significantly reduce costs and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Yi Xiong , Jinqi Huang , Wenjie Huang , Xuebing Yu , Entong Li , Zhixiong Ning , Jinhua Zhou , Li Zeng , Xin Chen

High-throughput inference serving is essential for applications built on large language models (LLMs). Existing serving frameworks reduce request-level and batch-level bubbles through batching and scheduling, but often overlook bubbles…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Fengyao Bai , Hongbin Zhang , Zhitao Chen , Jiangsu Du , Zhiguang Chen , Yutong Lu

Multi-turn dialogues are essential in many real-world applications of large language models, such as chatbots and virtual assistants. As conversation histories become longer, existing large language models face increasing computational and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Haoyang Li , Zhanchao Xu , Yiming Li , Xuejia Chen , Darian Li , Anxin Tian , Qingfa Xiao , Cheng Deng , Jun Wang , Qing Li , Lei Chen , Mingxuan Yuan

We study the problem of optimizing Large Language Model (LLM) inference scheduling to minimize total latency. LLM inference is an online and multi-task service process and also heavily energy consuming by which a pre-trained LLM processes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Zixi Chen , Yinyu Ye , Zijie Zhou

Modern large language model (LLM) applications exhibit diverse service-level objectives (SLOs), from low-latency requirements in interactive coding assistants to more relaxed constraints in data wrangling tasks. Existing LLM serving…

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