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Large language model (LLM) applications are evolving beyond simple chatbots into dynamic, general-purpose agentic programs, which scale LLM calls and output tokens to help AI agents reason, explore, and solve complex tasks. However,…

In Large Language Model (LLM) inference, the output length of an LLM request is typically regarded as not known a priori. Consequently, most LLM serving systems employ a simple First-come-first-serve (FCFS) scheduling strategy, leading to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Yichao Fu , Siqi Zhu , Runlong Su , Aurick Qiao , Ion Stoica , Hao Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as AI agents that operate in short reasoning-action loops, interleaving model computation with external calls. Unlike traditional chat applications, these agentic workloads require…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Yuning Zhang , Yan Yan , Nan Yang , Dong Yuan

Large multimodal models (LMMs) typically employ an encoding module to transform multimodal data inputs into embeddings, which are then fed to language models for further processing. However, efficiently serving LMMs remains highly…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Tianyu Guo , Tianming Xu , Xianjie Chen , Junru Chen , Nong Xiao , Xianwei Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) are widely applied in chatbots, code generators, and search engines. Workload such as chain-of-throught, complex reasoning, agent services significantly increase the inference cost by invoke the model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Sihyeong Park , Sungryeol Jeon , Chaelyn Lee , Seokhun Jeon , Byung-Soo Kim , Jemin Lee

Transformers, driven by attention mechanisms, form the foundation of large language models (LLMs). As these models scale up, efficient GPU attention kernels become essential for high-throughput and low-latency inference. Diverse LLM…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Zihao Ye , Lequn Chen , Ruihang Lai , Wuwei Lin , Yineng Zhang , Stephanie Wang , Tianqi Chen , Baris Kasikci , Vinod Grover , Arvind Krishnamurthy , Luis Ceze

Large Language Models (LLMs) are becoming ubiquitous across industries, where applications demand they fulfill diverse user intents. However, developers currently face the challenge of manually exploring numerous deployment configurations -…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Dimitrios Liakopoulos , Tianrui Hu , Prasoon Sinha , Neeraja J. Yadwadkar

Advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have led to a surge of LLM-powered applications. These applications have diverse token-generation latency requirements. As a result, simply classifying workloads as latency-sensitive (LS) or…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Kan Zhu , Haiyang Shi , Le Xu , Jiaxin Shan , Arvind Krishnamurthy , Baris Kasikci , Liguang Xie

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance, and organizations are racing to serve LLMs of varying sizes as endpoints for use-cases like chat, programming and search. However, efficiently serving multiple LLMs…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Jiangfei Duan , Runyu Lu , Haojie Duanmu , Xiuhong Li , Xingcheng Zhang , Dahua Lin , Ion Stoica , Hao Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have surged in popularity and are extensively used in commercial applications, where the efficiency of model serving is crucial for the user experience. Most current research focuses on optimizing individual…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Yuhang Yao , Han Jin , Alay Dilipbhai Shah , Shanshan Han , Zijian Hu , Yide Ran , Dimitris Stripelis , Zhaozhuo Xu , Salman Avestimehr , Chaoyang He

Heterogeneous device-edge-cloud computing infrastructures have become widely adopted in telecommunication operators and Wide Area Networks (WANs), offering multi-tier computational support for emerging intelligent services. With the rapid…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Zhiyuan Wu , Sheng Sun , Yuwei Wang , Min Liu , Bo Gao , Jinda Lu , Zheming Yang , Tian Wen

Large Language Model (LLM) workloads have distinct prefill and decode phases with different compute and memory requirements which should ideally be accounted for when scheduling input queries across different LLM instances in a cluster.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Kunal Jain , Anjaly Parayil , Ankur Mallick , Esha Choukse , Xiaoting Qin , Jue Zhang , Íñigo Goiri , Rujia Wang , Chetan Bansal , Victor Rühle , Anoop Kulkarni , Steve Kofsky , Saravan Rajmohan

The past few years has witnessed specialized large language model (LLM) inference systems, such as vLLM, SGLang, Mooncake, and DeepFlow, alongside rapid LLM adoption via services like ChatGPT. Driving these system design efforts is the…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-06-30 James Pan , Guoliang Li

Large language models (LLMs) deliver impressive capabilities but incur substantial inference latency and cost, which hinders their deployment in latency-sensitive and resource-constrained scenarios. Cloud-edge-device collaborative inference…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Haoyu Qiao , Hao Zhang , Shanwen Mao , Siyao Cheng , Jie Liu

Large language model (LLM) serving is becoming an increasingly critical workload for cloud providers. Existing LLM serving systems focus on interactive requests, such as chatbots and coding assistants, with tight latency SLO requirements.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Archit Patke , Dhemath Reddy , Saurabh Jha , Haoran Qiu , Christian Pinto , Chandra Narayanaswami , Zbigniew Kalbarczyk , Ravishankar Iyer

The scaling of transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly expanded their context lengths, enabling applications where inputs exceed 100K tokens. Our analysis of a recent Azure LLM inference trace reveals a highly…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Zeyu Zhang , Haiying Shen

In this paper, we consider a mixed-prompt scenario for a large language model (LLM) inference serving system that supports diverse applications with both short prompts and long prompts and heterogeneous SLOs for iteration time. To improve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Haiying Shen , Tanmoy Sen

Efficiently harnessing GPU compute is critical to improving user experience and reducing operational costs in large language model (LLM) services. However, current inference engine schedulers overlook the attention backend's sensitivity to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Yitao Yuan , Chenqi Zhao , Bohan Zhao , Zane Cao , Yongchao He , Wenfei Wu

The recent advances in LLMs bring a strong demand for efficient system support to improve overall serving efficiency. As LLM inference scales towards multiple GPUs and even multiple compute nodes, various coordination patterns, such as…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Hongyi Jin , Ruihang Lai , Charlie F. Ruan , Yingcheng Wang , Todd C. Mowry , Xupeng Miao , Zhihao Jia , Tianqi Chen

This paper presents ServerlessLLM, a distributed system designed to support low-latency serverless inference for Large Language Models (LLMs). By harnessing the substantial near-GPU storage and memory capacities of inference servers,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Yao Fu , Leyang Xue , Yeqi Huang , Andrei-Octavian Brabete , Dmitrii Ustiugov , Yuvraj Patel , Luo Mai