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Related papers: Log Probability Tracking of LLM APIs

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Large language models (LLMs) could be valuable personal AI agents across various domains, provided they can precisely follow user instructions. However, recent studies have shown significant limitations in LLMs' instruction-following…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Juyeon Heo , Miao Xiong , Christina Heinze-Deml , Jaya Narain

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have dramatically improved performance on a wide range of tasks, driving rapid enterprise adoption. Yet, the cost of adopting these AI services is understudied. Unlike traditional software…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Soogand Alavi , Salar Nozari , Andrea Luangrath

Recent work has questioned the reliability of graph learning benchmarks, citing concerns around task design, methodological rigor, and data suitability. In this extended abstract, we contribute to this discussion by focusing on evaluation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Filip Cornell , Oleg Smirnov , Gabriela Zarzar Gandler , Lele Cao

Security critical software, e.g., OpenSSL, comes with numerous side-channel leakages left unpatched due to a lack of resources or experts. The situation will only worsen as the pace of code development accelerates, with developers relying…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-28 M. Caner Tol , Berk Sunar

With increasing scale and complexity of cloud operations, automated detection of anomalies in monitoring data such as logs will be an essential part of managing future IT infrastructures. However, many methods based on artificial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-29 Thorsten Wittkopp , Philipp Wiesner , Dominik Scheinert , Alexander Acker

The irreversible nature of blockchain transactions makes the identification of smart contract vulnerabilities an essential requirement for secure system development. While Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Stefan-Claudiu Susan , Andrei Arusoaie , Dorel Lucanu

Effective alert diagnosis is essential for ensuring the reliability of large-scale online service systems. However, on-call engineers are often burdened with manually inspecting massive volumes of logs to identify root causes. While various…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Zhihan Jiang , Jinyang Liu , Yichen Li , Haiyu Huang , Xiao He , Tieying Zhang , Jianjun Chen , Yi Li , Rui Shi , Michael R. Lyu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to generate textual explanations of process models discovered from event logs. Producing explanations from large behavioral abstractions (e.g., directly-follows graphs or Petri nets) can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 P. van Oerle , R. H. Bemthuis , F. A. Bukhsh

Background: Log messages provide valuable information about the status of software systems. This information is provided in an unstructured fashion and automated approaches are applied to extract relevant parameters. To ease this process,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Merve Astekin , Max Hort , Leon Moonen

In the era of large language models (LLMs), code benchmarks have become an important research area in software engineering and are widely used by practitioners. These benchmarks evaluate the performance of LLMs on specific code-related…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Zhiyuan Pan , Xing Hu , Xin Xia , Xiaohu Yang

Fixed reasoning benchmarks evaluate canonical prompts, but semantically valid changes in presentation can still change model behavior. Studies of prompt variation can reveal such failures, but without audit they can mix genuine model errors…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Hongmin Li

In this paper, we present the first comprehensive empirical study of specialized LLM-based detectors and compare them with traditional static analyzers at the project scale. Specifically, our study evaluates five latest and representative…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Fengjie Li , Jiajun Jiang , Dongchi Chen , Yingfei Xiong

Developers insert logging statements in source code to capture relevant runtime information essential for maintenance and debugging activities. Log level choice is an integral, yet tricky part of the logging activity as it controls log…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Youssef Esseddiq Ouatiti , Mohammed Sayagh , Bram Adams , Ahmed E. Hassan

While the automated detection of cryptographic API misuses has progressed significantly, its precision diminishes for intricate targets due to the reliance on manually defined patterns. Large Language Models (LLMs) offer a promising…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Yifan Xia , Zichen Xie , Peiyu Liu , Kangjie Lu , Yan Liu , Wenhai Wang , Shouling Ji

Logs generated by large-scale software systems provide crucial information for engineers to understand the system status and diagnose problems of the systems. Log parsing, which converts raw log messages into structured data, is the first…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-02-16 Van-Hoang Le , Hongyu Zhang

LLM (large language model) practitioners commonly notice that outputs can vary for the same inputs under settings expected to be deterministic. Yet the questions of how pervasive this is, and with what impact on results, have not to our…

We examine one particular dimension of AI governance: how to monitor and audit AI-enabled products and services throughout the AI development lifecycle, from pre-deployment testing to post-deployment auditing. Combining principles from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Parand A. Alamdari , Toryn Q. Klassen , Sheila A. McIlraith

Logs are one of the most critical data for service management. It contains rich runtime information for both services and users. Since size of logs are often enormous in size and have free handwritten constructions, a typical log-based…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Shimin Tao , Weibin Meng , Yimeng Chen , Yichen Zhu , Ying Liu Chunning Du , Tao Han , Yongpeng Zhao , Xiangguang Wang , Hao Yang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across a wide range of coding tasks, including summarization, translation, completion, and code generation. Despite these advances, detecting code vulnerabilities…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Md Abdul Hannan , Ronghao Ni , Chi Zhang , Limin Jia , Ravi Mangal , Corina S. Pasareanu

In the constantly changing field of data-driven decision making, accurately predicting future events is crucial for strategic planning in various sectors. The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) marks a significant advancement in this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Tommaso Soru , Jim Marshall