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Since the introduction of the Model Context Protocol (MCP), the number of available tools for Large Language Models (LLMs) has increased significantly. These task-specific tool sets offer an alternative to general-purpose tools such as web…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Reza Esfandiarpoor , Vishwas Suryanarayanan , Stephen H. Bach , Vishal Chowdhary , Anthony Aue

Developers rely on third-party library Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) when developing software. However, libraries typically come with assumptions and API usage constraints, whose violation results in API misuse. API misuses may…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Akalanka Galappaththi , Sarah Nadi , Christoph Treude

Bioinformatics web servers are critical resources in modern biomedical research, facilitating interactive exploration of datasets through custom-built interfaces with rich visualization capabilities. However, this human-centric design…

Other Quantitative Biology · Quantitative Biology 2026-02-25 Matthias Flotho , Ian Ferenc Diks , Philipp Flotho , Leidy-Alejandra G. Molano , Pascal Hirsch , Andreas Keller

Large Language Model (LLM) is changing the software development paradigm and has gained huge attention from both academia and industry. Researchers and developers collaboratively explore how to leverage the powerful problem-solving ability…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Qiang Hu , Xiaofei Xie , Sen Chen , Lei Ma

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) plays a crucial role in extending the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) by enabling integration with external tools and data sources. However, the standard MCP specification presents significant…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Manish Bhatt , Vineeth Sai Narajala , Idan Habler

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly adopted in sensitive domains such as healthcare and financial institutions' data analytics; however, their execution pipelines remain vulnerable to manipulation and unverifiable behavior.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Saeid Jamshidi , Kawser Wazed Nafi , Arghavan Moradi Dakhel , Foutse Khomh , Amin Nikanjam , Mohammad Adnan Hamdaqa

Large Language Models (LLMs) deployed in practical and safety-critical settings are increasingly susceptible to bit-flip faults caused by hardware degradation, cosmic radiation, or deliberate fault-injection attacks such as Rowhammer. These…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Muhammad Zeeshan Karamat , Sadman Saif , Christiana Chamon Garcia

Tool calling has emerged as a critical capability for AI agents. In contrast to conventional tool calling frameworks that rely on static, provider-specific tool definitions, the Model Context Protocol (MCP) offers a unified interface to…

Current Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) rely on centralized architectures and often suffer from poor alignment between the input task and their fixed visual encoding modules, which limits performance on diverse and dynamic visual…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Yongjie Zeng , Hongyang Du

Machine Learning (ML) models are widely used across various domains, including medical diagnostics and autonomous driving. To support this growth, cloud providers offer ML services to ease the integration of ML components in software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Hadil Ben Amor , Manel Abdellatif , Taher Ghaleb

Cryptographic techniques have the potential to enable distrusting parties to collaborate in fundamentally new ways, but their practical implementation poses numerous challenges. An important class of such cryptographic techniques is known…

Developers are increasingly integrating Language Models (LMs) into their mobile apps to provide features such as chat-based assistants. To prevent LM misuse, they impose various restrictions, including limits on the number of queries, input…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Muhammad Ibrahim , Gűliz Seray Tuncay , Z. Berkay Celik , Aravind Machiry , Antonio Bianchi

This paper introduces \textbf{FinMCP-Bench}, a novel benchmark for evaluating large language models (LLMs) in solving real-world financial problems through tool invocation of financial model context protocols. FinMCP-Bench contains 613…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Jie Zhu , Yimin Tian , Boyang Li , Kehao Wu , Zhongzhi Liang , Junhui Li , Xianyin Zhang , Lifan Guo , Feng Chen , Yong Liu , Chi Zhang

The evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) into Agentic AI has established the Model Context Protocol (MCP) as the standard for connecting reasoning engines with external tools. Although this decoupled architecture fosters modularity, it…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Yunhao Yao , Zhiqiang Wang , Haoran Cheng , Yihang Cheng , Haohua Du , Xiang-Yang Li

We introduce SCP: the Science Context Protocol, an open-source standard designed to accelerate discovery by enabling a global network of autonomous scientific agents. SCP is built on two foundational pillars: (1) Unified Resource…

Mobile collaborative learning (MCL) is extensively recognized field all over the world. It demonstrates the cerebral approach combining the several technology to handle the problem of learning. MCL motivates the social and educational…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-09-19 Abdul Razaque , Khald. M. Elleithy

Large Language Models (LLMs) hold immense promise for revolutionizing financial analysis and decision-making, yet their direct application is often hampered by issues of data hallucination and lack of access to real-time, verifiable…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Yifan Zeng

The deployment of Large Language Model (LLM)-generated SQL queries in Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) systems introduces critical security risks, as prompt injection attacks can manipulate LLMs into producing unauthorized queries…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Wonbae Kim , Hee-Kyong Yoo

Large Language Model (LLM) agents increasingly interact with external systems through tool-calling protocols such as the Model Context Protocol (MCP). In prevailing architectures, the agent must reason about every tool invocation in every…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Abhinav Singh Parmar

Large Language Models (LLMs) have evolved into AI agents that interact with external tools and environments to perform complex tasks. The Model Context Protocol (MCP) has become the de facto standard for connecting agents with such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Christoph Bühler , Matteo Biagiola , Luca Di Grazia , Guido Salvaneschi