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This work views the multi-agent system and its surrounding environment as a co-evolving system, where the behavior of one affects the other. The goal is to take both agent actions and environment configurations as decision variables, and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Zhan Gao , Guang Yang , Amanda Prorok

Dynamic games are an effective paradigm for dealing with the control of multiple interacting actors. This paper introduces ALGAMES (Augmented Lagrangian GAME-theoretic Solver), a solver that handles trajectory optimization problems with…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Simon Le Cleac'h , Mac Schwager , Zachary Manchester

In multiagent systems autonomous agents interact with each other to achieve individual and collective goals. Typical interactions concern negotiation and agreement on resource exchanges. Modeling and formalizing these agreements pose…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Lorenzo Ceragioli , Pierpaolo Degano , Letterio Galletta , Luca Viganò

Goal-directed interactive agents, which autonomously complete tasks through interactions with their environment, can assist humans in various domains of their daily lives. Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) led to a surge of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Mareike Hartmann , Alexander Koller

Autonomous vehicles need to abide by the same rules that humans follow. Some of these traffic rules may depend on multiple agents or time. Especially in situations with traffic participants that interact densely, the interactions with other…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-09-30 Klemens Esterle , Luis Gressenbuch , Alois Knoll

This work uses game theory as a mathematical framework to address interaction modeling in multi-agent motion forecasting and control. Despite its interpretability, applying game theory to real-world robotics, like automated driving, faces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Christopher Diehl , Tobias Klosek , Martin Krüger , Nils Murzyn , Timo Osterburg , Torsten Bertram

Automated testing of computer games is a challenging problem, especially when lengthy scenarios have to be tested. Automating such a scenario boils down to finding the right sequence of interactions given an abstract description of the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Samira Shirzadeh-hajimahmood , I. S. W. B. Prasteya , Mehdi Dastani , Frank Dignum

Game-theoretic dynamics between AI agents could differ from traditional human-human interactions in various ways. One such difference is that it may be possible to accurately simulate an AI agent, for example because its source code is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Vojtech Kovarik , Caspar Oesterheld , Vincent Conitzer

Some of the most relevant future applications of multi-agent systems like autonomous driving or factories as a service display mixed-motive scenarios, where agents might have conflicting goals. In these settings agents are likely to learn…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-07-20 Kyrill Schmid , Lenz Belzner , Robert Müller , Johannes Tochtermann , Claudia Linnhoff-Popien

Effective problem solving among multiple agents requires a better understanding of the role of communication in collaboration. In this paper we show that there are communicative strategies that greatly improve the performance of…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2008-02-03 Marilyn A. Walker

This paper introduces a decentralized multi-agent reinforcement learning framework enabling structurally heterogeneous teams of agents to jointly discover and acquire randomly located targets in environments characterized by partial…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Gabriele Calzolari , Vidya Sumathy , Christoforos Kanellakis , George Nikolakopoulos

Motivated by the need to develop simulation tools for verification and validation of autonomous driving systems operating in traffic consisting of both autonomous and human-driven vehicles, we propose a framework for modeling vehicle…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-04-12 Nan Li , Yu Yao , Ilya Kolmanovsky , Ella Atkins , Anouck Girard

We present a system that enables real-time interaction between human users and agents trained to control fighter jets in simulated 3D air combat scenarios. The agents are trained in a dedicated environment using Multi-Agent Reinforcement…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Ardian Selmonaj , Giacomo Del Rio , Adrian Schneider , Alessandro Antonucci

This paper develops a game-theoretic decision-making framework for autonomous driving in multi-agent scenarios. A novel hierarchical game-based decision framework is developed for the ego vehicle. This framework features an interaction…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-30 Mushuang Liu , Yan Wan , Frank Lewis , Subramanya Nageshrao , H. Eric Tseng , Dimitar Filev

Several recent works have found the emergence of grounded compositional language in the communication protocols developed by mostly cooperative multi-agent systems when learned end-to-end to maximize performance on a downstream task.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-07-17 Paul Pu Liang , Jeffrey Chen , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Louis-Philippe Morency , Satwik Kottur

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong reasoning, planning, and communication abilities, enabling them to operate as autonomous agents in open environments. While single-agent systems remain limited in adaptability and…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Jianing Hao , Han Ding , Yuanjian Xu , Tianze Sun , Ran Chen , Wanbo Zhang , Guang Zhang , Siguang Li

Many potential applications of reinforcement learning in the real world involve interacting with other agents whose numbers vary over time. We propose new neural policy architectures for these multi-agent problems. In contrast to other…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-03 Matthew A. Wright , Roberto Horowitz

While modern Autonomous Vehicle (AV) systems can develop reliable driving policies under regular traffic conditions, they frequently struggle with safety-critical traffic scenarios. This difficulty primarily arises from the rarity of such…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Guanren Qiao , Guorui Quan , Jiawei Yu , Shujun Jia , Guiliang Liu

Social scientists have argued that autonomous vehicles (AVs) need to act as effective social agents; they have to respond implicitly to other drivers' behaviors as human drivers would. In this paper, we investigate how contingent driving…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Chishang Yang , Xiang Chang , Debargha Dey , Avi Parush , Wendy Ju

In this study, we investigate system-level emergent risks of interacting AI agents. The core contribution of this work is an exploratory scenario-based identification of these risks as well as their categorization. We consider a multitude…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Paul Darius , Thomas Hoppe , Andrei Aleksandrov
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