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The rapid adoption of large language models (LLMs) has spurred extensive research into their encoded moral norms and decision-making processes. Much of this research relies on prompting LLMs with survey-style questions to assess how well…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Pratik S. Sachdeva , Tom van Nuenen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made unprecedented breakthroughs, yet their increasing integration into everyday life might raise societal risks due to generated unethical content. Despite extensive study on specific issues like bias, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Shitong Duan , Xiaoyuan Yi , Peng Zhang , Tun Lu , Xing Xie , Ning Gu

This paper proposes CES, a task to evaluate the abilities of LLMs in simulating program execution and using that reasoning in programming tasks. Besides measuring the correctness of variable predictions during execution simulation, CES…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Changshu Liu , Yang Chen , Reyhaneh Jabbarvand

People increasingly rely on Large Language Models (LLMs) for moral advice, which may influence humans' decisions. Yet, little is known about how closely LLMs align with human moral judgments. To address this, we introduce the Moral Dilemma…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Giuseppe Russo , Debora Nozza , Paul Röttger , Dirk Hovy

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Large Language Models (LLMs) have rapidly evolved in recent years, showcasing remarkable capabilities in natural language understanding and generation. However, these advancements also raise critical ethical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Yehor Tereshchenko , Mika Hämäläinen

Recent advances in Large Audio Language Models (LALMs) have extended Text-to-Speech (TTS) to interactive role-play scenarios, which demand high expressiveness and strict adherence to role-play instructions. However, existing models struggle…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yong Ren , Jingbei Li , Haiyang Sun , Yujie Chen , Cheng Yi , Yechang Huang , Hao Gu , Ye Bai , Xuerui Yang

Human moral judgment is context-dependent and modulated by interpersonal relationships. As large language models (LLMs) increasingly function as decision-support systems, determining whether they encode these social nuances is critical. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Jiseon Kim , Jea Kwon , Luiz Felipe Vecchietti , Wenchao Dong , Jaehong Kim , Meeyoung Cha

Large language models (LLMs) produce outputs with varying levels of uncertainty, and, just as often, varying levels of correctness; making their practical reliability far from guaranteed. To quantify this uncertainty, we systematically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Christian Hobelsberger , Theresa Winner , Andreas Nawroth , Oliver Mitevski , Anna-Carolina Haensch

While Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting advances LLM reasoning, challenges persist in consistency, accuracy, and self-correction, especially for complex or ethically sensitive tasks. Existing single-dimensional reflection methods offer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Mariana Costa , Alberlucia Rafael Soarez , Daniel Kim , Camila Ferreira

Large reasoning models (LRMs) increasingly rely on step-by-step Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning to improve task performance, particularly in high-resource languages such as English. While recent work has examined final-answer accuracy in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Raoyuan Zhao , Yihong Liu , Hinrich Schütze , Michael A. Hedderich

We explore how large language models (LLMs) can be influenced by prompting them to alter their initial decisions and align them with established ethical frameworks. Our study is based on two experiments designed to assess the susceptibility…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Allison Huang , Yulu Niki Pi , Carlos Mougan

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) in social robotics presents a unique set of ethical challenges and social impacts. This research is set out to identify ethical considerations that arise in the design and development of these…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Alva Markelius

The widespread integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) across various sectors has highlighted the need for empirical research to understand their biases, thought patterns, and societal implications to ensure ethical and effective use.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Manari Hirose , Masato Uchida

Logical reasoning consistently plays a fundamental and significant role in the domains of knowledge engineering and artificial intelligence. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a noteworthy innovation in natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Fangzhi Xu , Qika Lin , Jiawei Han , Tianzhe Zhao , Jun Liu , Erik Cambria

The evolution of Large Language Model (LLM) reasoning is bottlenecked by the scarcity of high-quality process data. While self-alignment via endogenous rewards offers a solution, mining valid supervision faces three challenges: (1) Label…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yanyu Chen , Jiyue Jiang , Dianzhi Yu , Zheng Wu , Jiahong Liu , Jiaming Han , Xiao Guo , Jinhu Qi , Yu Li , Yifei Zhang , Irwin King

Large Language Models (LLMs) have grown increasingly powerful, yet ensuring their decisions remain transparent and trustworthy requires self-consistency -- no contradictions in their internal reasoning. Our study reveals that even on simple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Zhenru Lin , Jiawen Tao , Yang Yuan , Andrew Chi-Chih Yao

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has fundamentally transformed natural language processing, making them indispensable across domains ranging from conversational systems to scientific exploration. However, their pre-trained…

As Large Language Models (LLMs) continue to gain popularity due to their human-like traits and the intimacy they offer to users, their societal impact inevitably expands. This leads to the rising necessity for comprehensive studies to fully…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Bojana Bodroza , Bojana M. Dinic , Ljubisa Bojic

As large language models (LLMs) increasingly participate in high-stakes decision-making, a central societal debate has revolved around which moral frameworks-deontological or utilitarian-should guide machine behavior. However, a largely…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Pengzhao Lyu , Yeun Joon Kim , Yingyue Luna Luan , Jungmin Choi

Large Language Models (LLMs) often exhibit strong linguistic abilities while remaining unreliable on multi-step reasoning tasks, particularly when deployed without additional training or fine-tuning. In this work, we study inference-time…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Vinay Sharma , Manish Jain
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