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Energy-based models provide a natural bridge between statistical physics and machine learning by representing data through structured energy landscapes. Boltzmann machines are a particularly compelling class of such models for capturing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Gilhan Kim , Daniel K. Park

The quantum circuit Born machine (QCBM) is a quantum physics inspired implicit generative model naturally suitable for learning binary images, with a potential advantage of modeling discrete distributions that are hard to simulate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-21 Pengyuan Zhai

We present an efficient classical algorithm for training deep Boltzmann machines (DBMs) that uses rejection sampling in concert with variational approximations to estimate the gradients of the training objective function. Our algorithm is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-07-10 Nathan Wiebe , Ashish Kapoor , Christopher Granade , Krysta M Svore

Computing equilibrium states in condensed-matter many-body systems, such as solvated proteins, is a long-standing challenge. Lacking methods for generating statistically independent equilibrium samples in "one shot", vast computational…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-07-15 Frank Noé , Simon Olsson , Jonas Köhler , Hao Wu

Modeling joint probability distributions is an important task in a wide variety of fields. One popular technique for this employs a family of multivariate distributions with uniform marginals called copulas. While the theory of modeling…

Recent breakthroughs in generative machine learning, powered by massive computational resources, have demonstrated unprecedented human-like capabilities. While beyond-classical quantum experiments can generate samples from classically…

Studying general quantum many-body systems is one of the major challenges in modern physics because it requires an amount of computational resources that scales exponentially with the size of the system.Simulating the evolution of a state,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-07-03 Andrea Rocchetto , Edward Grant , Sergii Strelchuk , Giuseppe Carleo , Simone Severini

Generative modeling with machine learning has provided a new perspective on the data-driven task of reconstructing quantum states from a set of qubit measurements. As increasingly large experimental quantum devices are built in…

Quantum generative learning is a promising application of quantum computers, but faces several trainability challenges, including the difficulty in experimental gradient estimations. For certain structured quantum generative models,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-19 Bence Bakó , Zoltán Kolarovszki , Zoltán Zimborás

The generation of equilibrium samples of molecular systems has been a long-standing problem in statistical physics. Boltzmann Generators are a generative machine learning method that addresses this issue by learning a transformation via a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-04 Leon Klein , Frank Noé

This paper investigates photonic continuous-variable Born machines (CVBMs), which utilize photonic quantum states as resources for continuous probability distributions. Implementing exact gradient descent in the CVBM training process is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-16 Zoltán Kolarovszki , Dániel T. R. Nagy , Zoltán Zimborás

Quantum circuits that generate coherent superpositions of stochastic processes are key to many downstream quantum-accelerated tasks, such as risk analysis, importance sampling, and DNA sequencing. However, traditional methods for designing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-26 Ximing Wang , Chengran Yang , Chidambaram Aditya Somasundaram , Jayne Thompson , Mile Gu

The paper focuses on the a posteriori tuning of a generative model in order to favor the generation of good instances in the sense of some external differentiable criterion. The proposed approach, called Boltzmann Tuning of Generative…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Victor Berger , Michele Sebag

Generative modelling is an important unsupervised task in machine learning. In this work, we study a hybrid quantum-classical approach to this task, based on the use of a quantum circuit Born machine. In particular, we consider training a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-11 Chiara Leadbeater , Louis Sharrock , Brian Coyle , Marcello Benedetti

Recent work on the instantaneous quantum polynomial-time (IQP) quantum-circuit Born machine (QCBM) highlights a promising paradigm for generative modeling: train classically, deploy quantumly. In this setting, the training objective can be…

Due to the linearity of quantum mechanics, it remains a challenge to design quantum generative machine learning models that embed non-linear activations into the evolution of the statevector. However, some of the most successful classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-18 Kaitlin Gili , Mykolas Sveistrys , Chris Ballance

Quantum Circuit Born Machines (QCBMs) are powerful quantum generative models that sample according to the Born rule, with complexity-theoretic evidence suggesting potential quantum advantages for generative tasks. Here, we identify QCBMs as…

Quantum computers can efficiently sample from probability distributions that are believed to be classically intractable, providing a foundation for quantum generative modeling. However, practical training of such models remains challenging,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-18 Maria Demidik , Cenk Tüysüz , Michele Grossi , Karl Jansen

We propose a novel quantum model for the restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM), in which the visible units remain classical whereas the hidden units are quantized as noninteracting fermions. The free motion of the fermions is parametrically…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2021-02-15 Ya. S. Lyakhova , E. A. Polyakov , A. N. Rubtsov

Rapid improvement in quantum hardware has opened the door to complex problems, but the precise characterization of quantum systems itself remains a challenge. To address this obstacle, novel tomography schemes have been developed that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-08 Abigail McClain Gomez , Susanne F. Yelin , Khadijeh Najafi