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If spacetime is built out of quantum bits, does the shape of space depend on how the bits are entangled? The ER=EPR conjecture relates the entanglement entropy of a collection of black holes to the cross sectional area of Einstein-Rosen…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-03-12 Hrant Gharibyan , Robert F. Penna

Maldacena and Susskind conjectured that two entangled particles, which can be thought of as forming an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pair, are connected by a nontraversable wormhole or Einstein-Rosen (ER) bridge. They named their conjecture…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-12-13 Ben Kain

There are hints that the connectivity of space-time in quantum gravity could emerge from entanglement, and it has further been proposed that any two entangled particles may be connected by a quantum wormhole. One way to test this proposal…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-08-27 Edward Wilson-Ewing

Maldacena and Susskind have proposed a correspondence between wormholes and entanglement, dubbed ER=EPR. We study this in the context of 3d topological quantum field theory, where we show that the formation of a wormhole is the same process…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-08-22 John C. Baez , Jamie Vicary

The recently proposed ER=EPR correspondence postulates the existence of wormholes (Einstein-Rosen bridges) between entangled states (such as EPR pairs). Entanglement is famously known to be unobservable in quantum mechanics, in that there…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-11-23 Ning Bao , Jason Pollack , Grant N. Remmen

It has recently been suggested that Einstein-Rosen (ER) bridges can be interpreted as maximally entangled states of two black holes that form a complex Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pair. This relationship has been dubbed as the ER = EPR…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-06-04 Francisco S. N. Lobo , Gonzalo J. Olmo , D. Rubiera-Garcia

We demonstrate that wormholes must be entangled regardless of asymptotic boundary conditions. Assuming black hole complementarity, we argue that traversable wormholes instantiate entanglement-assisted quantum channels and that this…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-12-11 Ning Bao , Grant N. Remmen

This paper illustrates various aspects of the ER=EPR conjecture.It begins with a brief heuristic argument, using the Ryu-Takayanagi correspondence, for why entanglement between black holes implies the existence of Einstein-Rosen bridges.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-12-31 Leonard Susskind

We construct a class of wormhole geometries supported by the non-local gravitational self-energy that regularizes the particle and black-hole sectors of spacetime. Using this framework, inspired by T-duality, we show that two entangled…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-13 Kimet Jusufi , Francisco S. N. Lobo , Emmanuel N. Saridakis , Douglas Singleton

As evidence for the ER=EPR conjecture, it has recently been observed that the string that is holographically dual to an entangled quark-antiquark pair separating with (asymptotically) uniform acceleration has a wormhole on its worldsheet.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-12-02 Mariano Chernicoff , Alberto Guijosa , Juan F. Pedraza

We consider the question of entanglement conservation in the context of the ER=EPR correspondence equating quantum entanglement with wormholes. In quantum mechanics, the entanglement between a system and its complement is conserved under…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-07-13 Grant N. Remmen , Ning Bao , Jason Pollack

We consider the two-particle wave function of an EPR system given by a two dimensional relativistic scalar field model. The Bohm-de Broglie interpretation is applied and the quantum potential is viewed as modifying the Minkowski geometry.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 E. Sergio Santini

We propose an algebraic definition of ER=EPR in the $G_N \to 0$ limit, which associates bulk spacetime connectivity/disconnectivity to the operator algebraic structure of a quantum gravity system. The new formulation not only includes…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-12-20 Netta Engelhardt , Hong Liu

We provide a concrete and computable realization of the $ER=EPR$ conjecture, by deriving the Einstein-Rosen bridge from the quantum entanglement in the thermofield double CFT. The Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of the wormhole is explicitly…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-11-03 Xin Jiang , Peng Wang , Houwen Wu , Haitang Yang

Einstein's equations of general relativity (GR) can describe the connection between events within a given hypervolume of size $L$ larger than the Planck length $L_P$ in terms of wormhole connections where metric fluctuations give rise to an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-01-01 Fabrizio Tamburini , Ignazio Licata

Unphysical equations of state result from the unrestricted use of the Synge G-trick of running the Einstein field equations backwards; in particular often this results in $\rho + p < 0$ which implies negative inertial mass density, which…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-11-17 George F R Ellis , David Garfinkle

Electric fields can thread a classical Einstein-Rosen bridge. Maldacena and Susskind have recently suggested that in a theory of dynamical gravity the entanglement of ordinary perturbative quanta should be viewed as creating a quantum…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-10-07 Dalit Engelhardt , Ben Freivogel , Nabil Iqbal

What do the typical entangled states of two black holes look like? Do they contain semiclassical interiors? We approach these questions constructively, providing ensembles of states which densely explore the black hole Hilbert space. The…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-10-21 Javier M. Magan , Martin Sasieta , Brian Swingle

The theoretical implications of a traversable wormhole between entangled black holes are significant in terms of non-locality and superluminal signaling. By utilizing the entangled states of two maximally entangled black holes, it becomes…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-02-16 H. Hadi

We construct the holographic dual of two colored quasiparticles in maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory entangled in a color singlet EPR pair. In the holographic dual the entanglement is encoded in a geometry of a non-traversable…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-11-27 Kristan Jensen , Andreas Karch
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