English

Algebraic ER=EPR and Complexity Transfer

High Energy Physics - Theory 2023-12-20 v2 General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology

Abstract

We propose an algebraic definition of ER=EPR in the GN0G_N \to 0 limit, which associates bulk spacetime connectivity/disconnectivity to the operator algebraic structure of a quantum gravity system. The new formulation not only includes information on the amount of entanglement, but also more importantly the structure of entanglement. We give an independent definition of a quantum wormhole as part of the proposal. This algebraic version of ER=EPR sheds light on a recent puzzle regarding spacetime disconnectivity in holographic systems with O(1/GN){\cal O}(1/G_{N}) entanglement. We discuss the emergence of quantum connectivity in the context of black hole evaporation and further argue that at the Page time, the black hole-radiation system undergoes a transition involving the transfer of an emergent type III1_{1} subalgebra of high complexity operators from the black hole to radiation. We argue this is a general phenomenon that occurs whenever there is an exchange of dominance between two competing quantum extremal surfaces.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2311.04281,
  title  = {Algebraic ER=EPR and Complexity Transfer},
  author = {Netta Engelhardt and Hong Liu},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2311.04281},
  year   = {2023}
}

Comments

40+6 pages, 16 figures; v2: added references and updated discussion

R2 v1 2026-06-28T13:14:30.577Z