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Interpreting time series models is uniquely challenging because it requires identifying both the location of time series signals that drive model predictions and their matching to an interpretable temporal pattern. While explainers from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Owen Queen , Thomas Hartvigsen , Teddy Koker , Huan He , Theodoros Tsiligkaridis , Marinka Zitnik

Explainable AI (XAI) has become an increasingly important topic for understanding and attributing the predictions made by complex Time Series Classification (TSC) models. Among attribution methods, SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Davide Italo Serramazza , Nikos Papadeas , Zahraa Abdallah , Georgiana Ifrim

Deep learning models developed for time-series associated tasks have become more widely researched nowadays. However, due to the unintuitive nature of time-series data, the interpretability problem -- where we understand what is under the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Ziqi Zhao , Yucheng Shi , Shushan Wu , Fan Yang , Wenzhan Song , Ninghao Liu

Major postoperative complications are devastating to surgical patients. Some of these complications are potentially preventable via early predictions based on intraoperative data. However, intraoperative data comprise long and fine-grained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Dingwen Li , Bing Xue , Christopher King , Bradley Fritz , Michael Avidan , Joanna Abraham , Chenyang Lu

A wide variety of model explanation approaches have been proposed in recent years, all guided by very different rationales and heuristics. In this paper, we take a new route and cast interpretability as a statistical inference problem. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-01 Hugo Henri Joseph Senetaire , Damien Garreau , Jes Frellsen , Pierre-Alexandre Mattei

Nonlinear machine-learning models are increasingly used to discover causal relationships in time-series data, yet the interpretation of their outputs remains poorly understood. In particular, causal scores produced by regularized neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Valentina Kuskova , Dmitry Zaytsev , Michael Coppedge

Deep time series models continue to improve predictive performance, yet their deployment remains limited by their black-box nature. In response, existing interpretability approaches in the field keep focusing on explaining the internal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Giovanni De Felice , Riccardo D'Elia , Alberto Termine , Pietro Barbiero , Giuseppe Marra , Silvia Santini

The necessity for interpretability in natural language processing (NLP) has risen alongside the growing prominence of large language models. Among the myriad tasks within NLP, text generation stands out as a primary objective of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Kenza Amara , Rita Sevastjanova , Mennatallah El-Assady

There has recently been a surge of work in explanatory artificial intelligence (XAI). This research area tackles the important problem that complex machines and algorithms often cannot provide insights into their behavior and thought…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-02-05 Leilani H. Gilpin , David Bau , Ben Z. Yuan , Ayesha Bajwa , Michael Specter , Lalana Kagal

Artificial intelligence (AI) is currently based largely on black-box machine learning models which lack interpretability. The field of eXplainable AI (XAI) strives to address this major concern, being critical in high-stakes areas such as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Sean Tull , Robin Lorenz , Stephen Clark , Ilyas Khan , Bob Coecke

Interpretable machine learning and explainable artificial intelligence have become essential in many applications. The trade-off between interpretability and model performance is the traitor to developing intrinsic and model-agnostic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Chiara Balestra , Bin Li , Emmanuel Müller

Despite the high performance of neural network-based time series forecasting methods, the inherent challenge in explaining their predictions has limited their applicability in certain application areas. Due to the difficulty in identifying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-09 Ozan Ozyegen , Juyoung Wang , Mucahit Cevik

We introduce a novel modeling approach for time series imputation and forecasting, tailored to address the challenges often encountered in real-world data, such as irregular samples, missing data, or unaligned measurements from multiple…

Machine learning-based systems are rapidly gaining popularity and in-line with that there has been a huge research surge in the field of explainability to ensure that machine learning models are reliable, fair, and can be held liable for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-12 Rohit Saluja , Avleen Malhi , Samanta Knapič , Kary Främling , Cicek Cavdar

Modern time series classifiers display impressive predictive capabilities, yet their decision-making processes mostly remain black boxes to the user. At the same time, model-agnostic explainers, such as the recently proposed SHAP, promise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Felix Mujkanovic , Vanja Doskoč , Martin Schirneck , Patrick Schäfer , Tobias Friedrich

Unpacking and comprehending how black-box machine learning algorithms make decisions has been a persistent challenge for researchers and end-users. Explaining time-series predictive models is useful for clinical applications with high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Amin Nayebi , Sindhu Tipirneni , Chandan K Reddy , Brandon Foreman , Vignesh Subbian

This study explores the explainability capabilities of large language models (LLMs), when employed to autonomously generate machine learning (ML) solutions. We examine two classification tasks: (i) a binary classification problem focused on…

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has become critical in enhancing the transparency and trustworthiness of AI systems, especially as these systems are increasingly deployed in high-stakes domains such as healthcare and finance.…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Shengxin Hong , Xiuyi Fan

Time series data is essential in various applications, including climate modeling, healthcare monitoring, and financial analytics. Understanding the contextual information associated with real-world time series data is often essential for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Geon Lee , Wenchao Yu , Kijung Shin , Wei Cheng , Haifeng Chen

Most recent work on interpretability of complex machine learning models has focused on estimating $\textit{a posteriori}$ explanations for previously trained models around specific predictions. $\textit{Self-explaining}$ models where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-05 David Alvarez-Melis , Tommi S. Jaakkola