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In Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) tasks using Large Language Models (LLMs), the quality of retrieved information is critical to the final output. This paper introduces the IRSC benchmark for evaluating the performance of embedding…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Hai Lin , Shaoxiong Zhan , Junyou Su , Haitao Zheng , Hui Wang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems address complex user requests by decomposing them into subqueries, retrieving potentially relevant documents for each, and then aggregating them to generate an answer. Efficiently selecting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Roxana Petcu , Kenton Murray , Daniel Khashabi , Evangelos Kanoulas , Maarten de Rijke , Dawn Lawrie , Kevin Duh

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems enhance text generation by incorporating external knowledge but often struggle when retrieving context across different text modalities due to semantic gaps. We introduce a generalized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Arihan Yadav , Alan McMillan

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has emerged as a powerful framework for enhancing large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge, particularly in scientific domains that demand specialized and dynamic information. Despite its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Xianrui Zhong , Bowen Jin , Siru Ouyang , Yanzhen Shen , Qiao Jin , Yin Fang , Zhiyong Lu , Jiawei Han

Medical retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems typically operate on text chunks extracted from biomedical literature, discarding the rich visual content (tables, figures, structured layouts) of original document pages. We propose…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Xupeng Chen , Binbin Shi , Chenqian Le , Jiaqi Zhang , Kewen Wang , Ran Gong , Jinhan Zhang , Chihang Wang

Small language models (SLMs) support efficient deployments on resource-constrained edge devices, but their limited capacity compromises inference performance. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a promising solution to enhance model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Shangyu Liu , Zhenzhe Zheng , Xiaoyao Huang , Fan Wu , Guihai Chen , Jie Wu

A Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) model powered by a large language model (LLM) provides a faster and more cost-effective solution for adapting to new data and knowledge. It also delivers more specialized responses compared to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Zheng Zheng , Xinyi Ni , Pengyu Hong

This paper introduces a new hyper-parameter for Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems called Context Window Utilization. RAG systems enhance generative models by incorporating relevant information retrieved from external knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Kush Juvekar , Anupam Purwar

Referring Image Segmentation (RIS) consistently requires language and appearance semantics to more understand each other. The need becomes acute especially under hard situations. To achieve, existing works tend to resort to various…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Jiaxing Yang , Lihe Zhang , Jiayu Sun , Huchuan Lu

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) is a promising technique for mitigating two key limitations of large language models (LLMs): outdated information and hallucinations. RAG system stores documents as embedding vectors in a database. Given…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Taehee Jeong , Xingzhe Zhao , Peizu Li , Markus Valvur , Weihua Zhao

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances language models by integrating external knowledge, but its effectiveness is highly dependent on system configuration. Improper retrieval settings can degrade performance, making RAG less…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Jennifer Hsia , Afreen Shaikh , Zhiruo Wang , Graham Neubig

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive ability in generation and reasoning tasks but struggle with handling up-to-date knowledge, leading to inaccuracies or hallucinations. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) mitigates…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Ziting Wang , Haitao Yuan , Wei Dong , Gao Cong , Feifei Li

Efficiently processing and interpreting network data is critical for the operation of increasingly complex networks. Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLM) and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) techniques have improved data…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Amar Abane , Anis Bekri , Abdella Battou , Saddek Bensalem

Naive Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) focuses on individual documents during retrieval and, as a result, falls short in handling networked documents which are very popular in many applications such as citation graphs, social media, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Yuntong Hu , Zhihan Lei , Zheng Zhang , Bo Pan , Chen Ling , Liang Zhao

Document chunking fundamentally impacts Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) by determining how source materials are segmented before indexing. Despite evidence that Large Language Models (LLMs) are sensitive to the layout and structure of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Henrik Brådland , Morten Goodwin , Per-Arne Andersen , Alexander S. Nossum , Aditya Gupta

This paper presents a novel method for parsing and vectorizing semi-structured data to enhance the functionality of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) within Large Language Models (LLMs). We developed a comprehensive pipeline for…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Hang Yang , Jing Guo , Jianchuan Qi , Jinliang Xie , Si Zhang , Siqi Yang , Nan Li , Ming Xu

Retrieval Augmented Generation or RAG is the most popular pattern for modern Large Language Model or LLM applications. RAG involves taking a user query and finding relevant paragraphs of context in a large corpus typically captured in a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Dattaraj Rao

Recent advances in Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) have revolutionized knowledge-intensive tasks, yet traditional RAG methods struggle when the search space is unknown or when documents are semi-structured or structured. We introduce a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Manie Tadayon , Mayank Gupta

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a prominent method for incorporating domain knowledge into Large Language Models (LLMs). While RAG enhances response relevance by incorporating retrieved domain knowledge in the context,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Kushagra Bhushan , Yatin Nandwani , Dinesh Khandelwal , Sonam Gupta , Gaurav Pandey , Dinesh Raghu , Sachindra Joshi

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) improves Large Language Models (LLMs) by retrieving supporting documents into the prompt, but existing methods do not explicitly target queries that require fetching multiple documents with substantially…