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Direct preference optimization (DPO) is a form of reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) where the policy is learned directly from preferential feedback. Although many models of human preferences exist, the critical task of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Branislav Kveton , Xintong Li , Julian McAuley , Ryan Rossi , Jingbo Shang , Junda Wu , Tong Yu

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has gained attention as an efficient alternative to reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. Despite its advantages, DPO suffers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Ruichen Shao , Bei Li , Gangao Liu , Yang Chen , Xiang Zhou , Jingang Wang , Xunliang Cai , Peng Li

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) simplifies reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) for large language models (LLMs) by directly optimizing human preferences without an explicit reward model. We find that during DPO training,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Junshu Pan , Wei Shen , Shulin Huang , Qiji Zhou , Yue Zhang

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human values and intentions is crucial for their utility, honesty, and safety. Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) is a popular approach to achieve this alignment, but it faces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Junkang Wu , Xue Wang , Zhengyi Yang , Jiancan Wu , Jinyang Gao , Bolin Ding , Xiang Wang , Xiangnan He

As large language models (LLMs) become more capable, fine-tuning techniques for aligning with human intent are increasingly important. A key consideration for aligning these models is how to most effectively use human resources, or model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-01 William Muldrew , Peter Hayes , Mingtian Zhang , David Barber

Direct Alignment Algorithms (DAAs), such as Direct Preference Optimisation (DPO) and Identity Preference Optimisation (IPO), have emerged as alternatives to online Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) algorithms such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Zhengyan Shi , Sander Land , Acyr Locatelli , Matthieu Geist , Max Bartolo

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has been proposed as a promising alternative to Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) based Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback (RLHF). However, empirical evaluations consistently reveal suboptimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Qinwei Ma , Jingzhe Shi , Can Jin , Jenq-Neng Hwang , Serge Belongie , Lei Li

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has become a popular approach for aligning language models using pairwise preferences. However, in practical post-training pipelines, on-policy generation typically yields multiple candidate responses…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Taneesh Gupta , Rahul Madhavan , Xuchao Zhang , Nagarajan Natarajan , Chetan Bansal , Saravan Rajmohan

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has emerged as a promising approach for aligning large language models with human preferences. While prior work mainly extends DPO from the aspect of the objective function, we instead improve DPO from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Xun Deng , Han Zhong , Rui Ai , Fuli Feng , Zheng Wang , Xiangnan He

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO), which derives reward signals directly from pairwise preference data, has shown its effectiveness on aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences. Despite its widespread use across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Duanyu Feng , Bowen Qin , Chen Huang , Zheng Zhang , Wenqiang Lei

In the field of large language models (LLMs), aligning models with the diverse preferences of users is a critical challenge. Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has played a key role in this area. It works by using pairs of preferences…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Yueqin Yin , Zhendong Wang , Yi Gu , Hai Huang , Weizhu Chen , Mingyuan Zhou

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has emerged as a popular alternative to Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF), offering theoretical equivalence with simpler implementation. We prove this equivalence is conditional rather…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Zhiqin Yang , Yonggang Zhang , Wei Xue , Dong Fang , Bo Han , Yike Guo

Preference optimization is a critical post-training technique used to align large language models (LLMs) with human preferences, typically by fine-tuning on ranked response pairs. While methods like Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Rhitabrat Pokharel , Yufei Tao , Ameeta Agrawal

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has emerged as a lightweight and effective alternative to Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) and Reinforcement Learning with AI Feedback (RLAIF) for aligning large language and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Zihui Zhao , Zechang Li

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has emerged as a prominent algorithm for the direct and robust alignment of Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences, offering a more straightforward alternative to the complex Reinforcement…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Junru Lu , Jiazheng Li , Siyu An , Meng Zhao , Yulan He , Di Yin , Xing Sun

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) aligns Large Language Models with human preferences without the need for a separate reward model. However, DPO treats all tokens in responses equally, neglecting the differing importance of individual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Chengyu Huang , Zhuohang Li , Sheng-Yen Chou , Claire Cardie

Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback (RLHF) enhances the alignment of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, its limitations have led to the development of Direct Preference Optimization (DPO), an RL-free approach designed to overcome…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Amir Saeidi , Shivanshu Verma , Aswin RRV , Kashif Rasul , Chitta Baral

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has become central to aligning large language models with human values, typically by first learning a reward model from preference data which is then used to update the model with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Keertana Chidambaram , Karthik Vinay Seetharaman , Vasilis Syrgkanis

Efficiently aligning large-scale video diffusion models with human intent requires a scalable and trajectory-aware pathway that bridges the inherent discrepancy between training noise distributions and practical inference trajectories.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Jingyuan Zhu , Biaolong Chen , Le Zhang , Aixi Zhang , Hao Jiang , Pipei Huang

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has become central to aligning large language models with human values, typically by first learning a reward model from preference data which is then used to update the model with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Keertana Chidambaram , Karthik Vinary Seetharaman , Vasilis Syrgkanis
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