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Direct alignment algorithms such as Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) fine-tune models based on preference data, using only supervised learning instead of two-stage reinforcement learning with human feedback (RLHF). We show that DPO…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Aditya Gopalan , Sayak Ray Chowdhury , Debangshu Banerjee

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has emerged as a de-facto approach for aligning language models with human preferences. Recent work has shown DPO's effectiveness relies on training data quality. In particular, clear quality differences…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Nirav Diwan , Tolga Ergen , Dongsub Shim , Honglak Lee

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) plays a crucial role in aligning language models with human preferences. While the significance of dataset quality is generally recognized, explicit investigations into its impact within the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Tetsuro Morimura , Mitsuki Sakamoto , Yuu Jinnai , Kenshi Abe , Kaito Ariu

Offline preference optimization methods are efficient for large language models (LLMs) alignment. Direct Preference optimization (DPO)-like learning, one of the most popular approaches, stands out for its efficiency in reward modeling.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Xiaobo Wang , Zixia Jia , Jiaqi Li , Qi Liu , Zilong Zheng

Recent alignment methods based on Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) reformulate preference learning as supervised optimization over pairwise comparisons, offering improved efficiency and stability over reinforcement learning from human…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Yuhui Sun , Xiyao Wang , Zixi Li , YiTian Ding , Tianyang Ling , Jialuo Chen , Tianyi Yu , Zhenlong Yuan , Jinman Zhao

Direct Preference Optimisation (DPO) has emerged as a powerful method for aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences, offering a stable and efficient alternative to approaches that use Reinforcement learning via Human…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Sarvesh Shashidhar , Ritik , Nachiketa Patil , Suraj Racha , Ganesh Ramakrishnan

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has emerged as a predominant alignment method for diffusion models, facilitating off-policy training without explicit reward modeling. However, its reliance on large-scale, high-quality human preference…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Khiem Pham , Quang Nguyen , Tung Nguyen , Jingsen Zhu , Michele Santacatterina , Dimitris Metaxas , Ramin Zabih

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has shown strong potential for mitigating hallucinations in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). However, existing multimodal DPO approaches often suffer from overfitting due to the difficulty…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Longtian Qiu , Shan Ning , Chuyu Zhang , Jiaxuan Sun , Xuming He

Modern alignment pipelines are increasingly replacing expensive human preference labels with evaluations from large language models (LLM-as-Judge). However, AI labels can be systematically biased compared to high-quality human feedback…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-10 Xintao Xia , Zhiqiu Xia , Linjun Zhang , Zhanrui Cai

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) is a powerful paradigm for aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) to human preferences in Machine Translation (MT), but current methods are hindered by two fundamental challenges: (1) flawed reward…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Hao Wang , Linlong Xu , Heng Liu , Yangyang Liu , Xiaohu Zhao , Bo Zeng , Liangying Shao , Longyue Wang , Weihua Luo , Kaifu Zhang

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has emerged as a pivotal tool for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. Direct Preference Optimization (DPO), one of the most popular approaches, formulates RLHF as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Jiafan He , Huizhuo Yuan , Quanquan Gu

The class of direct preference optimization (DPO) algorithms has emerged as a promising approach for solving the alignment problem in foundation models. These algorithms work with very limited feedback in the form of pairwise preferences…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Luca Viano , Ruida Zhou , Yifan Sun , Mahdi Namazifar , Volkan Cevher , Shoham Sabach , Mohammad Ghavamzadeh

Despite the efficacy of Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) in aligning Large Language Models (LLMs), reward hacking remains a pivotal challenge. This issue emerges when LLMs excessively reduce the probability of rejected completions to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Chenxu Yang , Ruipeng Jia , Mingyu Zheng , Naibin Gu , Zheng Lin , Siyuan Chen , Weichong Yin , Hua Wu , Weiping Wang

Efficient preference optimization algorithms such as Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) have become a popular approach in aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. These algorithms implicitly treat the LLM as a reward…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Tong Liu , Xiao Yu , Wenxuan Zhou , Jindong Gu , Volker Tresp

Preference alignment methods such as RLHF and Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) improve instruction following, but they can also reinforce hallucinations when preference judgments reward fluency and confidence over factual correctness.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Sindhuja Chaduvula , Ahmed Y. Radwan , Azib Farooq , Yani Ioannou , Shaina Raza

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become increasingly popular due to their ability to process and generate natural language. However, as they are trained on massive datasets of text, LLMs can inherit harmful biases and produce outputs that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Qi Gou , Cam-Tu Nguyen

With the rapid development and widespread application of Large Language Models (LLMs), their potential safety risks have attracted widespread attention. Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has been adopted to enhance the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Shiji Zhao , Mengyang Wang , Shukun Xiong , Fangzhou Chen , Qihui Zhu , Shouwei Ruan , Yisong Xiao , Ranjie Duan , Xun Chen , XingXing Wei

With the rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs), aligning policy models with human preferences has become increasingly critical. Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has emerged as a promising approach for alignment, acting as an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Wenyi Xiao , Zechuan Wang , Leilei Gan , Shuai Zhao , Zongrui Li , Ruirui Lei , Wanggui He , Luu Anh Tuan , Long Chen , Hao Jiang , Zhou Zhao , Fei Wu

The increasing capabilities of large language models (LLMs) raise opportunities for artificial general intelligence but concurrently amplify safety concerns, such as potential misuse of AI systems, necessitating effective AI alignment.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Chaoqi Wang , Yibo Jiang , Chenghao Yang , Han Liu , Yuxin Chen

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) have emerged as a popular method for aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences. While DPO effectively preserves the relative ordering between chosen and rejected responses through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Lin Sun , Chuang Liu , Peng Liu , Bingyang Li , Weijia Lu , Ning Wu