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Animating virtual avatars to make co-speech gestures facilitates various applications in human-machine interaction. The existing methods mainly rely on generative adversarial networks (GANs), which typically suffer from notorious mode…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Lingting Zhu , Xian Liu , Xuanyu Liu , Rui Qian , Ziwei Liu , Lequan Yu

While increasing attention has been paid to co-speech gesture synthesis, most previous works neglect to investigate hand gestures with explicit and essential semantics. In this paper, we study co-speech gesture generation with an emphasis…

Recent advances in co-speech gesture and talking head generation have been impressive, yet most methods focus on only one of the two tasks. Those that attempt to generate both often rely on separate models or network modules, increasing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Steven Hogue , Chenxu Zhang , Yapeng Tian , Xiaohu Guo

Co-speech gesture is crucial for human-machine interaction and digital entertainment. While previous works mostly map speech audio to human skeletons (e.g., 2D keypoints), directly generating speakers' gestures in the image domain remains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Xian Liu , Qianyi Wu , Hang Zhou , Yuanqi Du , Wayne Wu , Dahua Lin , Ziwei Liu

For human-like agents, including virtual avatars and social robots, making proper gestures while speaking is crucial in human--agent interaction. Co-speech gestures enhance interaction experiences and make the agents look alive. However, it…

Graphics · Computer Science 2020-09-07 Youngwoo Yoon , Bok Cha , Joo-Haeng Lee , Minsu Jang , Jaeyeon Lee , Jaehong Kim , Geehyuk Lee

Along with the explosion of large language models, improvements in speech synthesis, advancements in hardware, and the evolution of computer graphics, the current bottleneck in creating digital humans lies in generating character movements…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Thanh Hoang-Minh

The automatic co-speech gesture generation draws much attention in computer animation. Previous works designed network structures on individual datasets, which resulted in a lack of data volume and generalizability across different motion…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-09-14 Sicheng Yang , Zilin Wang , Zhiyong Wu , Minglei Li , Zhensong Zhang , Qiaochu Huang , Lei Hao , Songcen Xu , Xiaofei Wu , changpeng yang , Zonghong Dai

Co-speech gestures are crucial non-verbal cues that enhance speech clarity and expressiveness in human communication, which have attracted increasing attention in multimodal research. While the existing methods have made strides in gesture…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Hongye Cheng , Tianyu Wang , Guangsi Shi , Zexing Zhao , Yanwei Fu

Creating a virtual avatar with semantically coherent gestures that are aligned with speech is a challenging task. Existing gesture generation research mainly focused on generating rhythmic beat gestures, neglecting the semantic context of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Lanmiao Liu , Esam Ghaleb , Aslı Özyürek , Zerrin Yumak

Generating vivid and diverse 3D co-speech gestures is crucial for various applications in animating virtual avatars. While most existing methods can generate gestures from audio directly, they usually overlook that emotion is one of the key…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Xingqun Qi , Chen Liu , Lincheng Li , Jie Hou , Haoran Xin , Xin Yu

Synthesizing synchronized and natural co-speech gesture videos remains a formidable challenge. Recent approaches have leveraged motion graphs to harness the potential of existing video data. To retrieve an appropriate trajectory from the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Yafei Song , Peng Zhang , Bang Zhang

Body language such as conversational gesture is a powerful way to ease communication. Conversational gestures do not only make a speech more lively but also contain semantic meaning that helps to stress important information in the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Hitoshi Teshima , Naoki Wake , Diego Thomas , Yuta Nakashima , Hiroshi Kawasaki , Katsushi Ikeuchi

Co-speech gesture generation is crucial for automatic digital avatar animation. However, existing methods suffer from issues such as unstable training and temporal inconsistency, particularly in generating high-fidelity and comprehensive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Longbin Ji , Pengfei Wei , Yi Ren , Jinglin Liu , Chen Zhang , Xiang Yin

Co-speech gesture generation requires both semantic expressivity and biomechanically plausible rhythmic motion. Existing holistic gesture models mix lexically grounded semantic gestures with frequent prosody-aligned beat gestures. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Ferdinand Paar , Lanmiao Liu , Aslı Özyürek , Serge Thill , Esam Ghaleb

Automatic synthesis of realistic co-speech gestures is an increasingly important yet challenging task in artificial embodied agent creation. Previous systems mainly focus on generating gestures in an end-to-end manner, which leads to…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-05-05 Tenglong Ao , Qingzhe Gao , Yuke Lou , Baoquan Chen , Libin Liu

Embodied human communication encompasses both verbal (speech) and non-verbal information (e.g., gesture and head movements). Recent advances in machine learning have substantially improved the technologies for generating synthetic versions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-15 Simon Alexanderson , Éva Székely , Gustav Eje Henter , Taras Kucherenko , Jonas Beskow

Gestures are integral components of face-to-face communication. They unfold over time, often following predictable movement phases of preparation, stroke, and retraction. Yet, the prevalent approach to automatic gesture detection treats the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Esam Ghaleb , Ilya Burenko , Marlou Rasenberg , Wim Pouw , Peter Uhrig , Judith Holler , Ivan Toni , Aslı Özyürek , Raquel Fernández

Embodied agents, in the form of virtual agents or social robots, are rapidly becoming more widespread. In human-human interactions, humans use nonverbal behaviours to convey their attitudes, feelings, and intentions. Therefore, this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Carson Yu Liu , Gelareh Mohammadi , Yang Song , Wafa Johal

Embodied conversational agents (ECA) are often designed to produce nonverbal behavior to complement or enhance their verbal communication. One such form of nonverbal behavior is co-speech gesturing, which involves movements that the agent…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-03-02 Pieter Wolfert , Nicole Robinson , Tony Belpaeme

Co-speech gestures, gestures that accompany speech, play an important role in human communication. Automatic co-speech gesture generation is thus a key enabling technology for embodied conversational agents (ECAs), since humans expect ECAs…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Taras Kucherenko , Patrik Jonell , Youngwoo Yoon , Pieter Wolfert , Gustav Eje Henter