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Galled trees are studied as a recombination model in population genetics. This class of phylogenetic networks is generalized into tree-child, galled and reticulation-visible network classes by relaxing a structural condition imposed on…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2020-02-28 Gabriel Cardona , Louxin Zhang

We compare the phylogenetic tensors for various trees and networks for two, three and four taxa. If the probability spaces between one tree or network and another are not identical then there will be phylogenetic tensors that could have…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2016-06-24 Jonathan Mitchell

How a single fertilized cell gives rise to a complex array of specialized cell types in development is a central question in biology. The cells grow, divide, and acquire differentiated characteristics through poorly understood molecular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Da Kuang , Guanwen Qiu , Junhyong Kim

Combining a set of phylogenetic trees into a single phylogenetic network that explains all of them is a fundamental challenge in evolutionary studies. Existing methods are computationally expensive and can either handle only small numbers…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2023-04-07 Giulia Bernardini , Leo van Iersel , Esther Julien , Leen Stougie

Network topology plays a key role in many phenomena, from the spreading of diseases to that of financial crises. Whenever the whole structure of a network is unknown, one must resort to reconstruction methods that identify the least biased…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2015-06-09 Rossana Mastrandrea , Tiziano Squartini , Giorgio Fagiolo , Diego Garlaschelli

Phylogenetic networks are used to represent the evolutionary history of species. Recently, the new class of orchard networks was introduced, which were later shown to be interpretable as trees with additional horizontal arcs. This makes the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-05-09 Leo van Iersel , Mark Jones , Esther Julien , Yukihiro Murakami

Inference of network-like evolutionary relationships between species from genomic data must address the interwoven signals from both gene flow and incomplete lineage sorting. The heavy computational demands of standard approaches to this…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2021-08-05 Elizabeth S. Allman , Hector Baños , John A. Rhodes

A common problem in phylogenetics is to try to infer a species phylogeny from gene trees. We consider different variants of this problem. The first variant, called Unrestricted Minimal Episodes Inference, aims at inferring a species tree…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2019-08-12 Leo van Iersel , Remie Janssen , Mark Jones , Yukihiro Murakami , Norbert Zeh

Phylogenetic networks are useful in representing the evolutionary history of taxa. In certain scenarios, one requires a way to compare different networks. In practice, this can be rather difficult, except within specific classes of…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2025-07-30 Christopher Reichling , Leo van Iersel , Yukihiro Murakami

In previous work, we gave asymptotic counting results for the number of tree-child and normal networks with $k$ reticulation vertices and explicit exponential generating functions of the counting sequences for $k=1,2,3$. The purpose of this…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-03-05 Michael Fuchs , Bernhard Gittenberger , Marefatollah Mansouri

In phylogenetics, a central problem is to infer the evolutionary relationships between a set of species $X$; these relationships are often depicted via a phylogenetic tree -- a tree having its leaves univocally labeled by elements of $X$…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-04-12 Julien Baste , Christophe Paul , Ignasi Sau , Celine Scornavacca

An important and well-studied problem in phylogenetics is to compute a \emph{consensus tree} so as to summarize the common features within a collection of rooted phylogenetic trees, all whose leaf-sets are bijectively labeled by the same…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2021-07-22 Katharina T. Huber , Vincent Moulton , Andreas Spillner

Rooted phylogenetic networks allow biologists to represent evolutionary relationships between present-day species by revealing ancestral speciation and hybridization events. A convenient and well-studied class of such networks are…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2026-02-02 Qiang Zhang , Mike Steel

Phylogenetic trees elucidate evolutionary relationships among species, but phylogenetic inference remains challenging due to the complexity of combining continuous (branch lengths) and discrete parameters (tree topology). Traditional Markov…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2024-12-30 ChenRui Duan , Zelin Zang , Siyuan Li , Yongjie Xu , Stan Z. Li

Molecular phylogeny has focused mainly on improving models for the reconstruction of gene trees based on sequence alignments. Yet, most phylogeneticists seek to reveal the history of species. Although the histories of genes and species are…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2013-11-05 Gergely J. Szöllosi , Eric Tannier , Vincent Daubin , Bastien Boussau

A contemporary and fundamental problem faced by many evolutionary biologists is how to puzzle together a collection $\mathcal P$ of partial trees (leaf-labelled trees whose leaves are bijectively labelled by species or, more generally,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-09-04 S. Grünewald , K. T. Huber , Q. Wu

Phylogenetic networks provide a framework for representing evolutionary histories involving reticulate events such as hybridization or horizontal gene transfer. A central problem is to infer such networks from local structural information.…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Patricia A. Ebert , Marc Hellmuth

In mathematical phylogenetics, evolutionary relationships are often represented by trees and networks. The latter are typically used whenever the relationships cannot be adequately described by a tree, which happens when so-called…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-05 Mirko Wilde , Mareike Fischer

Phylogenomics commonly aims to construct evolutionary trees from genomic sequence information. One way to approach this problem is to first estimate event-labeled gene trees (i.e., rooted trees whose non-leaf vertices are labeled by…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-05-09 Marc Hellmuth , Katharina T. Huber , Vincent Moulton

Phylogenetic trees play a key role in the reconstruction of evolutionary relationships. Typically, they are derived from aligned sequence data (like DNA, RNA, or proteins) by using optimization criteria like, e.g., maximum parsimony (MP).…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2025-06-11 Mirko Wilde , Mareike Fischer