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Activation steering methods are widely used to control large language model (LLM) behavior and are often interpreted as revealing meaningful internal representations. This interpretation assumes that steering directions are identifiable and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Sohan Venkatesh , Ashish Mahendran Kurapath

Controlling specific behaviors in large language models while preserving their general capabilities is a central challenge for safe and reliable artificial intelligence deployment. Current steering methods, such as vector addition and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Hieu M. Vu , Tan M. Nguyen

Subliminal learning describes a student language model inheriting a behavioral bias by fine-tuning on seemingly innocuous data generated by a biased teacher model. Prior work has begun to characterize this phenomenon but leaves open…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 George Morgulis , John Hewitt

Video world models learn representations of physical dynamics, but controlling their physical expectations at inference time remains an open problem. Recent interpretability work identified a Physics Emergence Zone (PEZ), a group of middle…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Nahid Alam

Active inference is a theory that underpins the way biological agent's perceive and act in the real world. At its core, active inference is based on the principle that the brain is an approximate Bayesian inference engine, building an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-03-09 Ozan Çatal , Samuel Wauthier , Tim Verbelen , Cedric De Boom , Bart Dhoedt

It is well established that not only vision but also other sensory modalities affect drivers' control of their vehicles, and that drivers adapt over time to persistent changes in sensory cues (for example in driving simulators), but the…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2018-11-08 Gustav Markkula , Richard Romano , Rachel Waldram , Oscar Giles , Callum Mole , Richard Wilkie

In recent years, autonomous driving algorithms using low-cost vehicle-mounted cameras have attracted increasing endeavors from both academia and industry. There are multiple fronts to these endeavors, including object detection on roads,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-08-15 Lu Chi , Yadong Mu

Understanding how large audio models represent music, and using that understanding to steer generation, is both challenging and underexplored. Inspired by mechanistic interpretability in language models, where direction vectors in…

Accent variability remains a major errors in automatic speech recognition, yet most adaptation methods rely on parameter fine-tuning without understanding where accent information is encoded. We treat accent variation as an interpretable…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-09 Jinuo Sun , Yang Xiao , Sung Kyun Chung , Qiuchi Hu , Gongping Huang , Eun-Jung Holden , Ting Dang

In this paper, our focus is on enhancing steering angle prediction for autonomous driving tasks. We initiate our exploration by investigating two veins of widely adopted deep neural architectures, namely ResNets and InceptionNets. Within…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Swetha Nadella , Pramiti Barua , Jeremy C. Hagler , David J. Lamb , Qing Tian

Despite significant progress in alignment, large language models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to adversarial attacks that elicit harmful behaviors. Activation steering techniques offer a promising inference-time intervention approach, but…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Quy-Anh Dang , Chris Ngo

In this paper we introduce a general estimation methodology for learning a model of human perception and control in a sensorimotor control task based upon a finite set of demonstrations. The model's structure consists of i the agent's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Ran Wei , Anthony D. McDonald , Alfredo Garcia , Gustav Markkula , Johan Engstrom , Matthew O'Kelly

Steering vectors (SVs) offer a lightweight way to control large language models (LLMs) at inference time by shifting hidden activations, providing a practical middle ground between prompting and fine-tuning. Yet SVs can be unreliable in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Jiaqian Li , Yanshu Li , Kuan-Hao Huang

Sparse Autoencoders (SAEs) have been proposed as an unsupervised approach to learn a decomposition of a model's latent space. This enables useful applications such as steering - influencing the output of a model towards a desired concept -…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Dana Arad , Aaron Mueller , Yonatan Belinkov

Active recognition enables robots to intelligently explore novel observations, thereby acquiring more information while circumventing undesired viewing conditions. Recent approaches favor learning policies from simulated or collected data,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Lei Fan , Mingfu Liang , Yunxuan Li , Gang Hua , Ying Wu

Generative verifiers have emerged as a promising paradigm for step-wise verification, but their verification behavior is often poorly calibrated: they may be under-critical and miss erroneous steps, or over-critical and reject correct…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Yefan Zhou , Yilun Zhou , Austin Xu , Soroush Vosoughi , Shafiq Joty , Jiang Gui

We constructed a computational model of the driver's brain for steering tasks using the active inference framework, grounded in the free energy principle - a theory from computational neuroscience. This model enables quantitative estimation…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-04-10 Kazuharu Kidera , Takuma Miyaguchi , Hideyoshi Yanagisawa

Intervention-based model steering offers a lightweight and interpretable alternative to prompting and fine-tuning. However, by adapting strong optimization objectives from fine-tuning, current methods are susceptible to overfitting and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Yuntai Bao , Xuhong Zhang , Jintao Chen , Ge Su , Yuxiang Cai , Hao Peng , Bing Sun , Haiqin Weng , Liu Yan , Jianwei Yin

Transformers have recently been utilized to perform object detection and tracking in the context of autonomous driving. One unique characteristic of these models is that attention weights are computed in each forward pass, giving insights…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Felicia Ruppel , Florian Faion , Claudius Gläser , Klaus Dietmayer

Understanding adaptive human driving behavior, in particular how drivers manage uncertainty, is of key importance for developing simulated human driver models that can be used in the evaluation and development of autonomous vehicles.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Johan Engström , Ran Wei , Anthony McDonald , Alfredo Garcia , Matt O'Kelly , Leif Johnson