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Modality following is the ability to selectively leverage multimodal contexts based on user instructions. It is fundamental to the safety and reliability of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) in real-world deployments. However, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yu Zhang , Mufan Xu , Xuefeng Bai , Kehai Chen , Pengfei Zhang , Yang Xiang , Min Zhang

Prompt learning has surfaced as an effective approach to enhance the performance of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) like CLIP when applied to downstream tasks. However, current learnable prompt tokens are primarily used for the single phase…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Ge Wu , Xin Zhang , Zheng Li , Zhaowei Chen , Jiajun Liang , Jian Yang , Xiang Li

Large pre-trained vision-language models like CLIP have transformed computer vision by aligning images and text in a shared feature space, enabling robust zero-shot transfer via prompting. Soft-prompting, such as Context Optimization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Arsham Gholamzadeh Khoee , Yinan Yu , Robert Feldt

Although deep learning models have shown impressive performance on supervised learning tasks, they often struggle to generalize well when the training (source) and test (target) domains differ. Unsupervised domain adaptation (DA) has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Mainak Singha , Harsh Pal , Ankit Jha , Biplab Banerjee

In real-world continual learning (CL) scenarios, tasks often exhibit intricate and unpredictable semantic shifts, posing challenges for fixed prompt management strategies which are tailored to only handle semantic shifts of uniform degree…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Doyoung Kim , Susik Yoon , Dongmin Park , Youngjun Lee , Hwanjun Song , Jihwan Bang , Jae-Gil Lee

While large language models have achieved remarkable performance in complex tasks, they still need a memory system to utilize historical experience in long-term interactions. Existing memory methods (e.g., A-Mem, Mem0) place excessive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Zhanyu Shen , Sijie Cheng , Zhicheng Guo , Weiqin Wang , Yile Wang , Hui Huang

Pre-trained on tremendous image-text pairs, vision-language models like CLIP have demonstrated promising zero-shot generalization across numerous image-based tasks. However, extending these capabilities to video tasks remains challenging…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Zichen Liu , Kunlun Xu , Bing Su , Xu Zou , Yuxin Peng , Jiahuan Zhou

The mainstream paradigm behind continual learning has been to adapt the model parameters to non-stationary data distributions, where catastrophic forgetting is the central challenge. Typical methods rely on a rehearsal buffer or known task…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-23 Zifeng Wang , Zizhao Zhang , Chen-Yu Lee , Han Zhang , Ruoxi Sun , Xiaoqi Ren , Guolong Su , Vincent Perot , Jennifer Dy , Tomas Pfister

Large-scale foundation models like CLIP have shown strong zero-shot generalization but struggle with domain shifts, limiting their adaptability. In our work, we introduce \textsc{StyLIP}, a novel domain-agnostic prompt learning strategy for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Ankit Jha

Prompt-based learning has emerged as a parameter-efficient finetuning (PEFT) approach to facilitate Large Language Model (LLM) adaptation to downstream tasks by conditioning generation with task-aware guidance. Despite its successes,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Yiyang Liu , James C. Liang , Heng Fan , Wenhao Yang , Yiming Cui , Xiaotian Han , Lifu Huang , Dongfang Liu , Qifan Wang , Cheng Han

Continual learning (CL) has attracted increasing attention in the recent past. It aims to mimic the human ability to learn new concepts without catastrophic forgetting. While existing CL methods accomplish this to some extent, they are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Zhiyuan Hu , Jiancheng Lyu , Dashan Gao , Nuno Vasconcelos

Recent advances in multimodal learning has resulted in powerful vision-language models, whose representations are generalizable across a variety of downstream tasks. Recently, their generalization ability has been further extended by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Koustava Goswami , Srikrishna Karanam , Prateksha Udhayanan , K J Joseph , Balaji Vasan Srinivasan

Vision-language models (VLMs) such as CLIP demonstrate strong performance but struggle when adapted to downstream tasks. Prompt learning has emerged as an efficient and effective strategy to adapt VLMs while preserving their pre-trained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Xiwen Chen , Wenhui Zhu , Peijie Qiu , Hao Wang , Huayu Li , Haiyu Wu , Aristeidis Sotiras , Yalin Wang , Abolfazl Razi

Multi-Task Learning (MTL) is designed to train multiple correlated tasks simultaneously, thereby enhancing the performance of individual tasks. Typically, a multi-task network structure consists of a shared backbone and task-specific…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Yi Xin , Junlong Du , Qiang Wang , Ke Yan , Shouhong Ding

In continual learning, the learner faces a stream of data whose distribution changes over time. Modern neural networks are known to suffer under this setting, as they quickly forget previously acquired knowledge. To address such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-03 Arslan Chaudhry , Albert Gordo , Puneet K. Dokania , Philip Torr , David Lopez-Paz

Post-training large language models (LLMs) often suffers from catastrophic forgetting, where improvements on a target objective degrade previously acquired capabilities. Recent evidence suggests that this phenomenon is primarily driven by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Xinyu Wang , Changzhi Sun , Yuanbin Wu , Xiaoling Wang

In this paper, we introduce Attention Prompt Tuning (APT) - a computationally efficient variant of prompt tuning for video-based applications such as action recognition. Prompt tuning approaches involve injecting a set of learnable prompts…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Wele Gedara Chaminda Bandara , Vishal M. Patel

Self-supervised contrastive learning has emerged as a powerful paradigm for skeleton-based action recognition by enforcing consistency in the embedding space. However, existing methods rely on binary contrastive objectives that overlook the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yingjie Feng , Yi Wang , Jiaze Wang , Anfeng Liu , Zhuotao Tian

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) exhibit remarkable multi-tasking ability by learning mixed instruction datasets. However, novel tasks would be encountered sequentially in dynamic world, which urges for equipping LMMs with multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Fanhu Zeng , Fei Zhu , Haiyang Guo , Xu-Yao Zhang , Cheng-Lin Liu

Recent advancements in multimodal foundation models (e.g., CLIP) have excelled in zero-shot generalization. Prompt tuning involved in the knowledge transfer from foundation models to downstream tasks has gained significant attention…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Xuejing Liu , Wei Tang , Jinghui Lu , Rui Zhao , Zhaojun Guo , Fei Tan