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Reinforcement learning (RL) in healthcare has had mixed results, with reward sparsity, unreliable off-policy evaluation, and deployment-simulation gap as recurring failure modes. We argue that chronic disease management is structurally a…

While scaling laws for large language models (LLMs) during pre-training have been extensively studied, their behavior under reinforcement learning (RL) post-training remains largely unexplored. This paper presents a systematic empirical…

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) is computationally demanding and requires processing of many data points. Synchronous methods enjoy training stability while having lower data throughput. In contrast, asynchronous methods achieve high…

Online Reinforcement Learning (RL) is typically framed as the process of minimizing cumulative regret (CR) through interactions with an unknown environment. However, real-world RL applications usually involve a sequence of tasks, and the…

This paper studies satisfaction of temporal properties on unknown stochastic processes that have continuous state spaces. We show how reinforcement learning (RL) can be applied for computing policies that are finite-memory and deterministic…

Despite advances in reinforcement learning (RL)-based video reasoning with large language models (LLMs), data collection and fine-tuning remain significant challenges. These methods often rely on large-scale supervised fine-tuning (SFT)…

When using a tool, the grasps used for picking it up, reposing, and holding it in a suitable pose for the desired task could be distinct. Therefore, a key challenge for autonomous in-hand tool manipulation is finding a sequence of grasps…

Policy-based algorithms are among the most widely adopted techniques in model-free RL, thanks to their strong theoretical groundings and good properties in continuous action spaces. Unfortunately, these methods require precise and…

Sepsis, characterized by a dysregulated immune response to infection, results in significant mortality, morbidity, and healthcare costs. The timely prediction of sepsis progression is crucial for reducing adverse outcomes through early…

Sepsis is a potentially life threatening inflammatory response to infection or severe tissue damage. It has a highly variable clinical course, requiring constant monitoring of the patient's state to guide the management of intravenous…

Care coordination and population health management programs serve large Medicaid and safety-net populations and must be auditable, efficient, and adaptable. While clinical risk for outreach modalities is typically low, time and opportunity…

Conventional wisdom holds that large-batch training is fundamentally incompatible with Reinforcement Learning (RL) - beyond a modest threshold, increasing batch sizes typically yields diminishing returns or performance degradation due to…

The potential of Reinforcement Learning (RL) has been demonstrated through successful applications to games such as Go and Atari. However, while it is straightforward to evaluate the performance of an RL algorithm in a game setting by…

Although large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive reasoning capabilities across general domains, their effectiveness in real-world clinical practice remains limited. This is likely due to their insufficient exposure to…

Recent breakthroughs in large language models (LLMs) have effectively improved their reasoning abilities, particularly on mathematical and logical problems that have verifiable answers, through techniques such as supervised finetuning (SFT)…

Recent advancements in reasoning-focused language models such as OpenAI's O1 and DeepSeek-R1 have shown that scaling test-time computation-through chain-of-thought reasoning and iterative exploration-can yield substantial improvements on…

Sepsis is a life-threatening host response to infection associated with high mortality, morbidity, and health costs. Its management is highly time-sensitive since each hour of delayed treatment increases mortality due to irreversible organ…

Training agents via off-policy deep reinforcement learning (RL) requires a large memory, named replay memory, that stores past experiences used for learning. These experiences are sampled, uniformly or non-uniformly, to create the batches…

There has been significant attention given to developing data-driven methods for tailoring patient care based on individual patient characteristics. Dynamic treatment regimes formalize this through a sequence of decision rules that map…

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) offers an appealing approach to real-world tasks by learning policies from pre-collected datasets without interacting with the environment. However, the performance of existing offline RL algorithms…