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Generation and exploration of approximate circuits and accelerators has been a prominent research domain to achieve energy-efficiency and/or performance improvements. This research has predominantly focused on ASICs, while not achieving…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Bharath Srinivas Prabakaran , Vojtech Mrazek , Zdenek Vasicek , Lukas Sekanina , Muhammad Shafique

High-level synthesis (HLS) allows hardware designers to create hardware designs with high-level programming languages like C/C++/OpenCL, which greatly improves hardware design productivity. However, existing HLS flows require programmers'…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Haocheng Xu , Haotian Hu , Sitao Huang

There is a trend towards increased specialization of data management software for performance reasons. In this paper, we study the automatic specialization and optimization of database application programs -- sequences of queries and…

Over the past few years, the explosion in sparse tensor algebra workloads has led to a corresponding rise in domain-specific accelerators to service them. Due to the irregularity present in sparse tensors, these accelerators employ a wide…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Nandeeka Nayak , Toluwanimi O. Odemuyiwa , Shubham Ugare , Christopher W. Fletcher , Michael Pellauer , Joel S. Emer

Contrastively trained vision-language models such as CLIP provide strong zero-shot transfer by aligning images and text in a shared embedding space. However, adapting these models to downstream tasks without degrading their open-vocabulary…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Simone Carnemolla , Salvatore Calcagno , Daniela Giordano , Concetto Spampinato , Matteo Pennisi

The proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) has opened new frontiers in computing, yet controlling and orchestrating their capabilities beyond simple text generation remains a challenge. Current methods, such as function/tool calling…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Behnam Mohammadi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become extremely potent instruments with exceptional capacities for comprehending and producing human-like text in a wide range of applications. However, the increasing size and complexity of LLMs present…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Yingbing Huang , Lily Jiaxin Wan , Hanchen Ye , Manvi Jha , Jinghua Wang , Yuhong Li , Xiaofan Zhang , Deming Chen

Developing efficient parallel applications is critical to advancing scientific development but requires significant performance analysis and optimization. Performance analysis tools help developers manage the increasing complexity and scale…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-01-25 Onur Cankur , Aditya Tomar , Daniel Nichols , Connor Scully-Allison , Katherine E. Isaacs , Abhinav Bhatele

Creating high performance implementations of deep learning primitives on CPUs is a challenging task. Multiple considerations including multi-level cache hierarchy, and wide SIMD units of CPU platforms influence the choice of program…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Sanket Tavarageri , Gagandeep Goyal , Sasikanth Avancha , Bharat Kaul , Ramakrishna Upadrasta

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) necessitates a deep understanding of their fundamental performance limits. This paper investigates the limits of LLM inference, focusing on hardware-imposed bottlenecks in…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Michael Davies , Neal Crago , Karthikeyan Sankaralingam , Christos Kozyrakis

The identification of performance-optimizing parameter settings is an important part of the development and application of algorithms. We describe an automatic framework for this algorithm configuration problem. More formally, we provide…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-01-16 Frank Hutter , Thomas Stuetzle , Kevin Leyton-Brown , Holger H. Hoos

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized software development through AI-assisted coding tools, enabling developers with limited programming expertise to create sophisticated applications. However, this accessibility extends to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Yifan Huang , Xiaojun Jia , Wenbo Guo , Yuqiang Sun , Yihao Huang , Chong Wang , Yang Liu

Dynamic reconfiguration is the action of modifying a software system at runtime. Several works have been using architectural specification as the basis for dynamic reconfiguration. Indeed ADLs (architecture description languages) let…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2012-05-22 Leonardo Minora , Jérémy Buisson , Flavio Oquendo , Thais Batista

The rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), particularly the Large Language Models (LLMs), have profoundly affected our daily work and communication forms. However, it is still a challenge to deploy LLMs on resource-constrained…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Mingqiang Huang , Ao Shen , Kai Li , Haoxiang Peng , Boyu Li , Yupeng Su , Hao Yu

In recent years, end-to-end Large Language Model (LLM) technology has shown substantial advantages across various domains. As critical system software and infrastructure, compilers are responsible for transforming source code into target…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Hongbin Zhang , Shihao Gao , Yang Liu , Mingjie Xing , Yanjun Wu , Chen Zhao

The key to performance optimization of a program is to decide correctly when a certain transformation should be applied by a compiler. This is an ideal opportunity to apply machine-learning models to speed up the tuning process; while this…

The last improvements in programming languages, programming models, and frameworks have focused on abstracting the users from many programming issues. Among others, recent programming frameworks include simpler syntax, automatic memory…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2018-10-29 Cristian Ramon-Cortes , Ramon Amela , Jorge Ejarque , Philippe Clauss , Rosa M. Badia

The increasing size and complexity of machine learning (ML) models have driven the growing need for custom hardware accelerators capable of efficiently supporting ML workloads. However, the design of such accelerators remains a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Raymond Baartmans , Andrew Ensinger , Victor Agostinelli , Lizhong Chen

As program workloads (e.g., AI) increase in size and algorithmic complexity, the primary challenge lies in their high dimensionality, encompassing computing cores, array sizes, and memory hierarchies. To overcome these obstacles, innovative…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Jinwei Tang , Jiayin Qin , Nuo Xu , Pragnya Sudershan Nalla , Yu Cao , Yang , Zhao , Caiwen Ding

Field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) can accelerate image processing by exploiting fine-grained parallelism opportunities in image operations. FPGA language designs are often subsets or extensions of existing languages, though these…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2016-07-06 Robert Stewart , Deepayan Bhowmik , Greg Michaelson , Andrew Wallace